@inproceedings{hinckley1994passive,
author = {Hinckley, Ken and Pausch, Randy and Goble, John C. and Kassell, Neal F.},
title = {Passive Real-World Interface Props for Neurosurgical Visualization},
booktitle = {CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
year = {1994},
month = {April},
abstract = {We claim that physical manipulation of familiar real-world objects in the user’s real environment is an important technique for the design of three-dimensional user interfaces. These real-world passive interface props are manipulated by the user to specify spatial relationships between interface objects. By unobtrusively embedding free-space position and orientation trackers within the props, we enable the computer to passively observe a natural user dialog in the real world, rather than forcing the user to engage in a contrived dialog in the computer-generated world.

We present neurosurgical planning as a driving application and demonstrate the utility of a head viewing prop, a cutting-plane selection prop, and a trajectory selection prop in this domain. Using passive props in this interface exploits the surgeon’s existing skills, provides direct action-task correspondence, eliminates explicit modes for separate tools, facilitates natural two-handed interaction, and provides tactile and kinesthetic feedback for the user. Our informal evaluation sessions have shown that with a cursory introduction, neurosurgeons who have never seen the interface can understand and use it without training.},
publisher = {ACM},
url = {http://approjects.co.za/?big=en-us/research/publication/passive-real-world-interface-props-neurosurgical-visualization/},
pages = {452-458},
isbn = {0-89791-650-6},
edition = {CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
}