@inproceedings{ding2019towards,
author = {Ding, Jian and Chandra, Ranveer},
title = {Towards Low Cost Soil Sensing Using Wi-Fi},
organization = {ACM},
booktitle = {MobiCom 2019},
year = {2019},
month = {October},
abstract = {A farm’s soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity (EC) readings are extremely valuable for a farmer. They can help her reduce water use and improve productivity. However, the high cost of commercial soil moisture sensors and the inaccuracy of sub-1000 dollar EC sensors have limited their adoption. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a system, called Strobe, that senses soil moisture and soil EC using RF propagation in existing Wi-Fi bands. Strobe overcomes the key challenge of limited bandwidth availability in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed spectrum using a novel multi-antenna technique. It maps the propagation time and amplitude of Wi-Fi signals received by different antennas to the soil permittivity and EC, which in turn depend on soil moisture and salinity. Our experiments with USRP, WARP, and commodity Wi-Fi cards show that Strobe can accurately estimate soil moisture and EC using Wi-Fi, thereby showing the potential of a future in which a farmer can sense soil in their farm without investing 1000s of dollars in soil sensing equipment.},
url = {http://approjects.co.za/?big=en-us/research/publication/towards-low-cost-soil-sensing-using-wi-fi/},
}