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[([4])-351(analyzed)-351(the)-352(sev)27(ere)-350(p)-28(ollution)-351(whic)27(h)-351(is)-351(launc)27(hed)-351(b)27(y)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(some)-289(companies)-289(to)-289(protect)-289(cop)26(yrigh)28(ts)-288(in)-289(KaZaA,)-290(while)]TJ T* [(Q.)-271(F)82(eng)-270(et)-271(al.)-272([3])-271(analyzed)-271(the)-272(sev)27(ere)-270(p)-28(ollution)-271(whic)26(h)-270(is)]TJ T* [(launc)27(hed)-289(b)27(y)-289(some)-291(users)-290(to)-290(gain)-290(unfair)-291(adv)55(an)28(tages)-289(from)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-491(p)-28(olicies)-493(in)-492(Maze)-493(.)-492(F)82(ak)28(e)-492(\257les)-492(are)-493(more)-493(and)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(more)-328(p)-28(erv)55(asiv)28(e)-328(in)-328(these)-328(systems)-329(and)-328(nearly)-328(half)-329(of)-328(the)]TJ T* [(\257les)-334(of)-335(some)-335(p)-27(opular)-335(titles)-335(are)-334(fak)26(e.)-333(Reputation)-335(mec)27(h-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(anisms,)-345(whic)26(h)-344(collect)-346(the)-346(ev)55(aluation)-345(of)-346(\257les)-346(and)-346(users,)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(are)-344(used)-345(to)-345(iden)27(tify)-344(fak)27(e)-344(\257les)-344(and)-345(attac)27(k)28(ers.)-344(There)-345(are)]TJ T* [(mainly)-333(t)27(w)28(o)-333(kinds)-333(of)-333(ev)54(aluations.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_1 1 Tf 1 -1.804 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_9 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Explicit)-364(ev)55(aluation)-364(in)27(v)28(olv)28(es)-364(activ)27(e)-363(user)-365(participa-)]TJ T* [(tion)-456(suc)27(h)-456(as)-456(v)27(oting)-456([5].)-456(.)-457(This)-456(metho)-28(d)-456(is)-457(widely)]TJ T* [(used)-273(in)-274(electronic)-273(commerce)-274(but)-273(users)-274(lac)27(k)-273(the)-273(im-)]TJ T* [(p)-27(etus)-232(to)-232(v)27(ote)-230(in)-232(P2P)-232(\257le)-231(sharing)-232(systems.)-232(As)-231(an)-232(ex-)]TJ T* [(ample,)-283(less)-284(than)-284(1%)-284(of)-284(the)-284(p)-28(opular)-284(\257les)-284(on)-284(KaZaA)]TJ T* [(are)-446(v)27(oted)-445(on)-446([4].)-446(Therefore,)-446(an)-446(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-445(mec)27(ha-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(nism)-319(is)-320(also)-320(needed)-319(to)-320(encourage)-320(v)27(oting)-319(as)-319(w)26(ell)-318(as)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (sharing.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_1 1 Tf -1 -1.602 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_9 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(o)-479(Implicit)-479(ev)54(aluation)-478(means)-479(the)-480(system)-479(infers)-479(a)]TJ T* [(user's)-386(ev)55(aluation)-386(from)-386(their)-387(b)-28(eha)27(vior.)-385(Q.)-387(F)83(eng)-386(et)]TJ T* [(al.)-476([3])-477(prop)-27(osed)-477(a)-476(lifetime)-477(and)-477(p)-27(opularit)26(y)-475(based)]TJ T* [(ranking)-490(approac)27(h)-489(to)-490(\257lter)-491(out)-490(fak)27(e)-489(\257les)-491(in)-490(P2P)]TJ T* [(\257le)-340(sharing)-340(systems.)-340(Ho)27(w)27(ev)28(er)-339(this)-340(metho)-28(d)-340(cannot)]TJ T* [(iden)27(tify)-448(the)-449(qualit)26(y)-448(of)-449(a)-449(\257le)-450(accurately)-449(when)-449(its)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(n)27(um)28(b)-27(er)-367(of)-368(o)27(wners)-367(is)-368(to)-27(o)-368(small.)-368(The)-367(actually)-368(pla)27(y)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(time)-380(of)-381(a)-381(mo)27(vie)-380(\257le)-381(can)-380(also)-381(b)-28(e)-381(tak)27(en)-380(as)-381(a)-380(user's)]TJ T* [(ev)55(aluation)-311(for)-313(this)-312(\257le,)-312(but)-313(it)-312(dep)-28(ends)-312(on)-312(the)-313(t)27(yp)-27(e)]TJ T* [(of)-333(\257le.)]TJ -0.8 -1.802 Td [(A)-567(m)26(ulti-dimensional)-567(reputation)-568(system)-568(com)27(bined)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(with)-353(trust)-353(and)-353(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-352(mec)26(hanisms)-352(in)-353(P2P)-353(\257le)-353(shar-)]TJ T* [(ing)-297(systems)-298(is)-298(prop)-28(osed)-298(in)-298(this)-298(pap)-27(er,)-298(its)-298(con)27(tributions)]TJ T* (are:)Tj ET endstream endobj 118 0 obj<>stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14.346 0 0 14.346 76.817 699.977 Tm [(A)-374(Multi-dimensional)-375(Reputation)-375(System)-375(Com)30(bined)-374(with)-375(T)93(rust)-374(and)]TJ 3.508 -1.25 Td [(Incen)31(tiv)31(e)-374(Mec)30(hanisms)-374(in)-375(P2P)-375(File)-375(Sharing)-375(Systems)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 496.109 687.251 Tm (\244)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 177.505 644.186 Tm [(Mao)-212(Y)81(ang)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 228.483 648.525 Tm (21)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 237.449 644.186 Tm [(,)-212(Qin)27(yuan)-212(F)81(eng)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 313.569 648.525 Tm (1)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 318.301 644.186 Tm [(,)-212(Y)81(afei)-211(Dai)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 370.354 648.525 Tm (1)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 375.086 644.186 Tm [(,)-212(Zheng)-212(Zhang)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 446.493 648.525 Tm (2)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 227.572 630.239 Tm [(Peking)-227(University,)-228(Beijing,)-227(China)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 396.425 634.577 Tm (1)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 211.78 616.291 Tm [(Micr)49(osoft)-226(R)49(ese)50(ar)50(ch)-227(Asia,)-227(Beijing,)-228(China)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 412.217 620.629 Tm (2)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 148.232 602.343 Tm [(\(mao)28(y)29(ang@microsoft.com,)]TJ /T1_6 1 Tf 11.936 0 Td (f)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf [(fqy)85(,)-222(dyf)]TJ /T1_6 1 Tf 3.763 0 Td (g)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf [(@net.pku.edu.cn,)-222(zheng.zhang@microsoft.com\))]TJ 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 159.288 564.286 Tm (Abstract)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 78.82 539.305 Tm [(F)76(r)51(e)51(e-riders)-270(and)-272(fake)-272(\257les)-272(ar)51(e)-271(two)-272(imp)50(ortant)-270(pr)50(oblems)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(in)-238(P2P)-239(\257le)-239(sharing)-239(systems.)-239(Pr)50(evious)-238(works)-239(have)-239(always)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(use)51(d)-246(inc)51(entive)-246(me)50(chanisms)-245(and)-246(trust)-246(me)50(chanisms)-245(to)-246(ad-)]TJ T* [(dr)51(ess)-262(them)-263(r)50(esp)51(e)51(ctively.)-262(In)-263(r)50(e)51(al)-262(systems)-263(however,)-263(a)-263(trust)]TJ T* [(me)51(chanism)-377(without)-378(inc)51(entive)-377(would)-378(fac)50(e)-376(lack)-378(of)-377(users')]TJ T* [(enthusiasm)-319(and)-319(thus)-319(c)50(ause)-318(sp)50(arse)-318(r)50(elationship)-318(of)-319(dir)50(e)51(ct)]TJ T* [(trust)-328(while)-328(an)-328(inc)50(entive)-328(me)50(chanism)-327(without)-328(trust)-328(c)50(ould)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(induc)51(e)-250(users')-250(b)50(ad)-249(b)50(ehavior.)-249(A)-250(novel)-251(r)50(eputation)-249(system)-250(is)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(pr)51(op)51(ose)51(d)-272(in)-273(this)-273(p)50(ap)51(er)-272(that)-272(c)50(ombines)-272(trust)-273(and)-273(inc)50(entive)]TJ T* [(me)51(chanisms.)-199(It)-199(uses)-199(\257les')-199(vote)-199(and)-199(r)50(etention)-198(time,)-199(down-)]TJ T* [(lo)51(ad)-166(volume)-167(and)-167(users')-167(r)50(ank)-166(to)-167(c)50(onstruct)-165(a)-167(mor)50(e)-166(extensive)]TJ T* [(dir)51(e)51(ct)-340(trust)-341(r)50(elationship)-340(and)-342(c)51(alculates)-341(a)-341(user's)-341(r)50(eputa-)]TJ T* [(tion)-189(with)-190(a)-190(multi-trust)-190(algorithm.)-189(It)-190(c)50(an)-189(identify)-190(fake)-190(\257les)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(and)-301(pr)50(ovide)-301(servic)50(e)-300(di\256er)50(entiation)-301(with)-302(r)50(eputation.)-300(Im-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(plementation)-350(and)-351(some)-350(se)50(curity)-350(c)51(onsider)51(ation)-350(in)-350(DHT)]TJ T* [(ar)51(e)-232(also)-232(discusse)50(d.)]TJ /T1_8 1 Tf 1.2 -3.107 Td [(Keyw)31(ords:)]TJ /T1_9 1 Tf 6.011 0 Td [(trust,)-333(incen)27(tiv)28(e,)-333(reputation,)-333(p2p)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 66.865 301.38 Tm [(1.)-787(In)30(tro)-30(duction)]TJ /T1_9 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 78.82 278.895 Tm [(F)83(ree-riders)-459(and)-461(fak)27(e)-459(\257les)-460(are)-461(t)27(w)28(o)-459(imp)-28(ortan)27(t)-460(prob-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(lems)-414(in)-415(P2P)-415(\257le)-415(sharing)-415(systems.)-415(Earlier)-415(researc)27(h)-414(fo-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(cused)-271(on)-271(free-riders)-271(whic)27(h)-270(result)-271(from)-272(concern)-271(for)-271(shar-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(ing)-360(risk)-361(and)-361(the)-361(lac)27(k)-360(of)-361(motiv)55(ation)-360(to)-361(share,)-360(so)-361(incen-)]TJ T* [(tiv)27(e)-343(mec)27(hanisms)-343(are)-344(used)-344(to)-344(encourage)-344(users)-344(to)-344(share.)]TJ T* [(Q.)-402(Lian)-402(et)-403(al.)-402([13])-402(ev)54(aluated)-401(sev)27(eral)-402(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-402(mec)27(ha-)]TJ T* [(nisms,)-327(prop)-28(osed)-327(an)-327(incen)26(tiv)28(e)-326(system)-328(whic)27(h)-326(is)-328(a)-327(h)27(ybrid)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(b)-27(et)26(w)28(een)-258(Tit-for-T)82(at)-258(and)-260(EigenT)83(rust,)-259(and)-259(sho)26(w)28(ed)-258(its)-260(ef-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(fectiv)27(eness)-414(of)-415(generating)-415(preferences)-416(for)-415(w)27(ell)-414(b)-28(eha)27(v)28(ed)]TJ T* [(no)-27(des)-458(while)-457(correctly)-457(punishing)-458(colluders.)-457(Though)-457(it)]TJ ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 0 0 1 K 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d -13.5 -586.143 m 80.999 -586.143 l S Q 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_10 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 66.865 145.462 Tm (\244)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 1.778 0 Td [(Supp)-29(orted)-487(b)28(y)-486(the)-488(National)-487(Natural)-488(Science)-487(F)87(oundation)-486(of)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(China)-369(under)-369(Gran)28(t)-368(No.)-369(60673183;)-369(the)-370(National)-369(Grand)-369(F)87(un-)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(damen)29(tal)-396(Researc)29(h)-396(973)-397(Program)-397(of)-397(China)-396(under)-397(Gran)28(t)-395(No.)]TJ T* [(2004CB318204;)-287(the)-288(Ph.)-287(D.)-288(Programs)-288(F)88(oundation)-287(of)-287(Ministry)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(of)-230(Education)-230(of)-230(China)-230(under)-231(Gran)29(t)-229(No.)-230(20060001044)]TJ 0 g /T1_9 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 325.615 564.286 Tm [(can)-415(conquer)-416(the)-416(pitfalls)-416(that)-416(exist)-416(in)-416(priv)55(ate)-415(history-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(based)-267(Tit-for-T)83(at)-266(and)-267(the)-267(EigenT)82(rust)-266(algorithm,)-267(it)-267(still)]TJ T* [(faces)-349(the)-349(co)27(v)28(erage)-349(problem.)-349(This)-349(means)-350(it)-349(needs)-349(more)]TJ T* [(direct)-358(trust)-359(relationship)-359(b)-27(et)26(w)28(een)-357(users)-359(to)-359(impro)27(v)28(e)-358(the)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(request)-333(co)27(v)28(erage)-333(and)-333(get)-333(more)-334(accurate)-333(results.)]TJ 1.2 -1.201 Td [(Recen)27(t)-335(researc)27(h)-336(fo)-28(cuses)-336(on)-336(fak)27(e)-336(\257les.)-336(J.)-337(Liang)-336(et)-336(al.)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [([4])-351(analyzed)-351(the)-352(sev)27(ere)-350(p)-28(ollution)-351(whic)27(h)-351(is)-351(launc)27(hed)-351(b)27(y)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(some)-289(companies)-289(to)-289(protect)-289(cop)26(yrigh)28(ts)-288(in)-289(KaZaA,)-290(while)]TJ T* [(Q.)-271(F)82(eng)-270(et)-271(al.)-272([3])-271(analyzed)-271(the)-272(sev)27(ere)-270(p)-28(ollution)-271(whic)26(h)-270(is)]TJ T* [(launc)27(hed)-289(b)27(y)-289(some)-291(users)-290(to)-290(gain)-290(unfair)-291(adv)55(an)28(tages)-289(from)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-491(p)-28(olicies)-493(in)-492(Maze)-493(.)-492(F)82(ak)28(e)-492(\257les)-492(are)-493(more)-493(and)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(more)-328(p)-28(erv)55(asiv)28(e)-328(in)-328(these)-328(systems)-329(and)-328(nearly)-328(half)-329(of)-328(the)]TJ T* [(\257les)-334(of)-335(some)-335(p)-27(opular)-335(titles)-335(are)-334(fak)26(e.)-333(Reputation)-335(mec)27(h-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(anisms,)-345(whic)26(h)-344(collect)-346(the)-346(ev)55(aluation)-345(of)-346(\257les)-346(and)-346(users,)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(are)-344(used)-345(to)-345(iden)27(tify)-344(fak)27(e)-344(\257les)-344(and)-345(attac)27(k)28(ers.)-344(There)-345(are)]TJ T* [(mainly)-333(t)27(w)28(o)-333(kinds)-333(of)-333(ev)54(aluations.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_1 1 Tf 1 -1.804 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_9 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Explicit)-364(ev)55(aluation)-364(in)27(v)28(olv)28(es)-364(activ)27(e)-363(user)-365(participa-)]TJ T* [(tion)-456(suc)27(h)-456(as)-456(v)27(oting)-456([5].)-456(.)-457(This)-456(metho)-28(d)-456(is)-457(widely)]TJ T* [(used)-273(in)-274(electronic)-273(commerce)-274(but)-273(users)-274(lac)27(k)-273(the)-273(im-)]TJ T* [(p)-27(etus)-232(to)-232(v)27(ote)-230(in)-232(P2P)-232(\257le)-231(sharing)-232(systems.)-232(As)-231(an)-232(ex-)]TJ T* [(ample,)-283(less)-284(than)-284(1%)-284(of)-284(the)-284(p)-28(opular)-284(\257les)-284(on)-284(KaZaA)]TJ T* [(are)-446(v)27(oted)-445(on)-446([4].)-446(Therefore,)-446(an)-446(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-445(mec)27(ha-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(nism)-319(is)-320(also)-320(needed)-319(to)-320(encourage)-320(v)27(oting)-319(as)-319(w)26(ell)-318(as)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (sharing.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_1 1 Tf -1 -1.602 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_9 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(o)-479(Implicit)-479(ev)54(aluation)-478(means)-479(the)-480(system)-479(infers)-479(a)]TJ T* [(user's)-386(ev)55(aluation)-386(from)-386(their)-387(b)-28(eha)27(vior.)-385(Q.)-387(F)83(eng)-386(et)]TJ T* [(al.)-476([3])-477(prop)-27(osed)-477(a)-476(lifetime)-477(and)-477(p)-27(opularit)26(y)-475(based)]TJ T* [(ranking)-490(approac)27(h)-489(to)-490(\257lter)-491(out)-490(fak)27(e)-489(\257les)-491(in)-490(P2P)]TJ T* [(\257le)-340(sharing)-340(systems.)-340(Ho)27(w)27(ev)28(er)-339(this)-340(metho)-28(d)-340(cannot)]TJ T* [(iden)27(tify)-448(the)-449(qualit)26(y)-448(of)-449(a)-449(\257le)-450(accurately)-449(when)-449(its)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(n)27(um)28(b)-27(er)-367(of)-368(o)27(wners)-367(is)-368(to)-27(o)-368(small.)-368(The)-367(actually)-368(pla)27(y)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(time)-380(of)-381(a)-381(mo)27(vie)-380(\257le)-381(can)-380(also)-381(b)-28(e)-381(tak)27(en)-380(as)-381(a)-380(user's)]TJ T* [(ev)55(aluation)-311(for)-313(this)-312(\257le,)-312(but)-313(it)-312(dep)-28(ends)-312(on)-312(the)-313(t)27(yp)-27(e)]TJ T* [(of)-333(\257le.)]TJ -0.8 -1.802 Td [(A)-567(m)26(ulti-dimensional)-567(reputation)-568(system)-568(com)27(bined)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(with)-353(trust)-353(and)-353(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-352(mec)26(hanisms)-352(in)-353(P2P)-353(\257le)-353(shar-)]TJ T* [(ing)-297(systems)-298(is)-298(prop)-28(osed)-298(in)-298(this)-298(pap)-27(er,)-298(its)-298(con)27(tributions)]TJ T* (are:)Tj ET endstream endobj 119 0 obj<> endobj 120 0 obj<> endobj 121 0 obj<>stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /FICL:RI_to_be_removed ri /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.963 0 0 9.963 74.06 734.947 Tm (1.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(It)-740(com)27(bines)-740(explicit)-740(and)-741(implicit)-740(ev)54(aluations,)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(whic)27(h)-755(include)-757(\257les')-756(v)27(ote)-756(and)-756(reten)27(tion)-756(time,)]TJ T* [(do)27(wnload)-902(v)27(olume)-902(and)-904(users')-903(rank,)-903(to)-903(con-)]TJ T* [(struct)-701(a)-702(more)-702(extensiv)27(e)-701(direct)-702(trust)-702(relation-)]TJ T* (ship.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.67 Td (2.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(It)-383(com)27(bines)-382(trust)-384(and)-383(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-383(mec)27(hanisms,)-382(and)]TJ T* [(uses)-292(service)-292(di\256eren)27(tiation)-291(based)-292(on)-292(users')-292(reputa-)]TJ T* [(tions)-285(to)-285(encourage)-285(users)-285(to)-285(share)-285(and)-286(v)27(ote)-284(on)-285(\257les,)]TJ T* [(rank)-286(users)-287(and)-287(remo)27(v)28(e)-286(fak)27(e)-286(\257les)-287(quic)27(kly)83(,)-285(and)-287(helps)]TJ T* [(the)-333(system)-333(iden)27(tify)-333(fak)27(e)-332(\257les)-334(at)-333(the)-333(same)-334(time.)]TJ -0.8 -1.87 Td [(The)-318(road)-318(map)-318(of)-318(this)-318(pap)-27(er)-318(is)-318(as)-318(follo)26(ws.)-317(In)-318(Section)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(2,)-496(w)27(e)-496(co)27(v)28(er)-496(the)-496(related)-497(w)27(orks.)-496(W)83(e)-496(prop)-28(ose)-496(a)-497(m)27(ulti-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(dimensional)-559(reputation)-559(system)-560(com)27(bined)-558(with)-560(trust)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(and)-355(incen)26(tiv)28(e)-355(mec)27(hanisms)-355(in)-356(Section)-355(3)-356(and)-356(discuss)-356(its)]TJ T* [(implemen)27(tations)-463(and)-463(some)-464(securit)27(y)-463(considerations)-464(in)]TJ T* [(DHT)-279(in)-280(Section)-280(4.)-279(W)82(e)-279(dra)27(w)-278(a)-280(brief)-280(conclusion)-280(and)-279(pro-)]TJ T* [(p)-27(ose)-334(some)-333(future)-333(researc)26(h)-332(p)-28(ossibilities)-333(in)-333(Section)-334(5.)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 66.865 505.323 Tm [(2.)-787(Related)-375(W)93(orks)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 78.82 483.069 Tm [(Most)-461(of)-461(the)-461(curren)27(t)-460(reputation)-461(systems)-461(are)-461(v)54(aria-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(tions)-333(of)-333(Tit-for-T)82(at)-332([6])-333([)-1(7])-333(and)-333(EigenT)82(rust)-332([2].)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_2 1 Tf 1 -1.917 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Tit-for-tat)-471([1])-472(is)-471(based)-471(on)-472(priv)55(ate)-471(history)-471(and)-472(a)]TJ T* [(p)-27(eer)-403(giving)-403(higher)-403(priorit)27(y)-401(to)-403(those)-403(from)-403(who)-402(he)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(has)-394(successfully)-394(do)27(wnloaded)-393(more.)-394(Q.)-394(Lian)-394(et)-394(al.)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [([13])-364(sho)26(w)28(ed)-364(that)-365(ev)27(en)-364(with)-365(a)-365(long)-364(priv)54(ate)-364(history)]TJ T* [(it)-413(is)-413(di\261cult)-413(to)-413(impro)27(v)27(e)-412(request)-413(co)27(v)28(erage.)-413(A)-413(one)]TJ T* [(mon)27(th)-412(do)27(wnload)-413(log)-413(only)-413(enforces)-414(Tit-for-T)83(at)-413(to)]TJ T* [(only)-288(2%)-289(of)-289(a)-289(p)-28(eer's)-289(uploads)-288(and)-289(the)-289(other)-289(98%)-289(are)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(blind)-333(uploads.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_2 1 Tf -1 -1.67 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(EigenT)83(rust)-477(w)26(orks)-477(similarly)-478(to)-478(the)-478(P)26(ageRank)-477([8])]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(algorithm)-448(used)-448(b)26(y)-447(Go)-28(ogle.)-448(The)-449(page)-448(link)-448(in)-449(the)]TJ T* [(P)27(ageRank)-248(algorithm)-249(b)-28(ecomes)-249(tra\261c)-249(\260o)27(w)-248(in)-249(Eigen-)]TJ T* [(T)83(rust.)-518(It)-518(assigns)-519(eac)27(h)-518(p)-28(eer)-518(a)-519(global)-518(EigenRank)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(v)55(alue)-390(b)27(y)-390(computing)-392(the)-391(left)-391(principle)-391(eigen)27(v)27(ector)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(of)-399(the)-400(trust)-400(matrix.)-400(Q.)-400(Lian)-400(et)-400(al.[13])-400(also)-400(found)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(that)-366(it)-366(su\256ers)-366(from)-367(b)-27(oth)-367(false)-366(negativ)27(es)-365(and)-367(false)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(p)-27(ositiv)26(es.)]TJ -0.8 -1.87 Td [(Q.)-427(Lian)-428(et)-428(al.)-427([13])-428(prop)-28(osed)-428(a)-427(m)26(ulti-trust)-426(solution)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(to)-286(ac)27(hiev)27(e)-285(a)-287(balance)-287(b)-28(et)27(w)28(een)-286(the)-287(t)27(w)28(o)-286(reputation)-287(mec)27(h-)]TJ T* [(anisms.)-463(It)-464(uses)-464(direct)-464(trust)-464(relationship)-464(to)-463(construct)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(a)-470(one-step)-470(trust)-470(matrix)-470(whic)27(h)-469(is)-470(tit-for-tat)-470(and)-471(uses)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(this)-300(matrix)-300(to)-300(construct)-301(a)-300(t)27(w)28(o-step)-300(or)-300(n-step)-300(trust)-300(ma-)]TJ T* [(trix)-314(whic)27(h)-314(is)-314(similar)-315(to)-314(EigenT)82(rust.)-313(The)-315(insigh)27(t)-313(is)-315(that)]TJ T* [(when)-452(deriving)-452(the)-453(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-451(metric)-453(for)-452(service)-452(di\256er-)]TJ T* [(en)27(tiation,)-398(it)-399(needs)-398(to)-399(ideally)-399(consider)-399(all)-399(these)-399(matri-)]TJ T* [(ces)-481(instead)-482(of)-481(just)-482(one.)-481(The)-482(immediate)-481(friends)-482(form)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(the)-351(\257rst)-351(tier,)-351(friends')-351(friends)-351(form)-351(the)-351(next)-351(and)-351(so)-351(on.)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(Eac)27(h)-349(matrix)-350(precisely)-350(represen)27(ts)-349(the)-350(trust)-350(that)-350(a)-350(p)-27(eer)]TJ T* [(imp)-27(oses)-413(on)-413(others)-413(at)-413(a)-413(di\256eren)26(t)-412(lev)27(el)-412(and)-413(as)-413(the)-413(lev-)]TJ T* [(els)-377(go)-378(deep)-28(er,)-378(the)-377(trust)-378(b)-28(ecomes)-378(more)-377(global)-378(and)-378(less)]TJ 25.971 63.137 Td [(priv)55(ate.)-243(This)-244(m)27(ulti-tier)-243(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-243(sc)26(heme)-242(essen)26(tially)-243(im-)]TJ T* [(p)-27(oses)-264(service)-264(di\256eren)26(tiation)-263(b)27(y)-263(lo)-28(oking)-264(at)-264(whic)27(h)-263(tier)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 22.609 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 557.667 721.498 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 325.615 711.037 Tm [(falls)-402(in)26(to)-401(when)-403(its)-403(do)27(wnloading)-402(request)-403(arriv)27(es)-402(at)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 22.419 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 555.781 709.543 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 559.098 711.037 Tm (.)Tj -23.435 -1.2 Td [(The)-406(smaller)-406(lev)26(el)-405(the)-406(user)-407(b)-28(elongs)-406(to,)-407(the)-406(higher)-406(pri-)]TJ T* [(orit)27(y)-400(they)-400(are)-401(giv)26(en.)-399(Within)-401(the)-401(same)-401(tier,)-401(t)27(w)28(o)-400(p)-28(eers)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(will)-247(b)-28(e)-247(rank)27(ed)-247(according)-247(to)-248(their)-247(v)54(alues)-246(in)-248(the)-247(matrix)-248(of)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(that)-254(tier.)-254(Ho)27(w)27(ev)28(er,)-253(it)-254(do)-28(es)-254(not)-255(solv)27(e)-253(the)-254(one-step)-255(sparse)]TJ T* [(matrix)-361(problem)-361(whic)26(h)-360(means)-361(that)-362(if)-361(the)-362(one-step)-361(ma-)]TJ T* [(trix)-319(is)-319(to)-28(o)-320(sparse,)-319(it)-319(will)-320(need)-319(a)-320(lot)-319(of)-319(steps)-320(to)-319(get)-320(ade-)]TJ T* [(quate)-333(request)-333(co)27(v)27(erage.)]TJ 1.2 -1.278 Td [(There)-462(are)-462(also)-463(man)27(y)-462(other)-462(w)27(orks)-462(suc)27(h)-461(as)-463(P2Prep)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [([9],)-507(XRep[10],)-507(P)27(eerT)83(rust)-506([11],)-507(T)82(rustGuard)-506([12],)-507(Cre-)]TJ T* [(dence)-406([5])-407(and)-407(LIP)-407([3].)-407(Most)-407(of)-407(these)-407(w)27(oks)-406(discuss)-407(in-)]TJ T* [(cen)27(tiv)28(e)-268(and)-268(trust)-269(mec)27(hanisms)-268(separately)82(.)-267(In)-269(a)-269(real)-268(situ-)]TJ T* [(ation,)-322(a)-322(trust)-322(mec)27(hanism)-321(without)-323(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-321(w)27(ould)-322(face)]TJ T* [(lac)27(k)-311(of)-313(users')-312(en)27(th)27(usiasm)-311(and)-312(sparse)-313(relationship)-312(of)-313(di-)]TJ T* [(rect)-344(trust)-344(while)-345(an)-344(incen)27(tiv)27(e)-343(mec)27(hanism)-344(without)-344(trust)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(could)-375(induce)-376(users')-376(bad)-375(b)-28(eha)27(vior.)-375(Our)-376(w)27(ork)-375(com)27(bines)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(trust)-293(and)-294(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-293(mec)27(hanisms)-293(and)-294(creates)-293(a)-294(more)-294(ac-)]TJ T* [(tiv)27(e)-265(and)-267(trust)27(w)28(orth)27(y)-265(P2P)-267(net)27(w)28(ork.)-266(Our)-267(w)27(ork)-265(also)-267(com-)]TJ T* [(bines)-432(explicit)-432(and)-433(implicit)-432(ev)54(aluations)-431(to)-433(construct)-432(a)]TJ T* [(more)-306(extensiv)27(e)-306(direct)-306(trust)-306(relationship)-307(b)-28(et)27(w)28(een)-305(users.)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 325.615 453.252 Tm [(3.)-787(Design)-375(of)-375(Reputation)-375(System)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 429.987 Tm [(F)83(rom)-332(the)-334(analysis)-333(ab)-28(o)27(v)28(e,)-333(a)-333(no)27(v)28(el)-333(reputation)-333(system)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(is)-301(designed)-302(in)-301(the)-302(follo)27(wing)-301(w)27(a)28(y)83(.)-301(W)83(e)-301(\257rst)-302(use)-301(\257les')-302(v)27(ote)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(and)-380(reten)26(tion)-380(time,)-380(do)26(wnload)-380(v)27(olume)-380(and)-381(users')-380(rank)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(to)-331(construct)-332(a)-331(denser)-332(one-step)-331(trust)-332(matrix)-331(and)-332(calcu-)]TJ T* [(late)-405(users')-406(reputations)-406(with)-406(n-step)-406(m)26(ulti-trust.)-405(Based)]TJ T* [(on)-400(the)-400(reputations,)-400(w)26(e)-399(iden)27(tify)-399(fak)26(e)-399(\257les)-400(and)-400(use)-401(ser-)]TJ T* [(vice)-462(di\256eren)27(tiation)-462(to)-462(encourage)-462(users')-463(activ)27(e)-462(partic-)]TJ T* [(ipation)-460(whic)27(h)-459(will)-461(also)-460(increase)-461(the)-460(denseness)-460(of)-461(the)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(one-step)-333(trust)-333(matrix.)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 305.481 Tm [(3.1.)-804(Direct)-384(T)95(rust)-382(Relationship)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 282.216 Tm [(File,)-396(do)26(wnload)-395(v)26(olume)-395(and)-397(user)-397(will)-397(b)-28(e)-397(used)-396(sepa-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(rately)-303(to)-304(construct)-304(a)-304(m)27(ulti-dimensional)-303(direct)-304(trust)-304(re-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (lationship.)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0 -2.151 TD [(3.1.1.)-804(File)-1208(Based)-1207(Direct)-1207(T)94(rust)-1206(Relation-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (ship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.478 Td [(In)-235(P2P)-236(\257le)-236(sharing)-235(systems,)-236(users)-236(exc)27(hange)-235(\257les)-236(with)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(others)-302(and)-303(ev)55(aluate)-302(the)-303(\257les)-303(they)-302(ha)26(v)28(e.)-302(The)-302(ev)54(aluation)]TJ T* [(can)-336(b)-28(e)-336(mapp)-28(ed)-337(in)27(to)-336([0,1])-336(with)-337(1)-336(means)-337(the)-337(b)-27(est)-337(and)-336(0)]TJ T* [(means)-333(the)-333(w)27(orst.)]TJ 1.2 -1.278 Td [(A)-333(\257le)-333(can)-334(b)-27(e)-334(ev)55(aluated)-332(explicitly)-334(and)-333(implicitly)82(.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_2 1 Tf -0.2 -2.189 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Explicit)-251(ev)54(aluation)-251(can)-252(b)-28(e)-251(collected)-252(b)26(y)-251(users')-252(v)27(otes)]TJ T* [(on)-400(\257les.)-400(Most)-401(of)-400(the)-400(traditional)-401(v)27(ote-based)-399(repu-)]TJ T* [(tation)-340(mec)27(hanisms)-340(use)-340(this)-340(metho)-28(d.)-341(It)-340(can)-341(re\260ect)]TJ ET endstream endobj 122 0 obj<>stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.963 0 0 9.963 74.06 734.947 Tm (1.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(It)-740(com)27(bines)-740(explicit)-740(and)-741(implicit)-740(ev)54(aluations,)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(whic)27(h)-755(include)-757(\257les')-756(v)27(ote)-756(and)-756(reten)27(tion)-756(time,)]TJ T* [(do)27(wnload)-902(v)27(olume)-902(and)-904(users')-903(rank,)-903(to)-903(con-)]TJ T* [(struct)-701(a)-702(more)-702(extensiv)27(e)-701(direct)-702(trust)-702(relation-)]TJ T* (ship.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.67 Td (2.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(It)-383(com)27(bines)-382(trust)-384(and)-383(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-383(mec)27(hanisms,)-382(and)]TJ T* [(uses)-292(service)-292(di\256eren)27(tiation)-291(based)-292(on)-292(users')-292(reputa-)]TJ T* [(tions)-285(to)-285(encourage)-285(users)-285(to)-285(share)-285(and)-286(v)27(ote)-284(on)-285(\257les,)]TJ T* [(rank)-286(users)-287(and)-287(remo)27(v)28(e)-286(fak)27(e)-286(\257les)-287(quic)27(kly)83(,)-285(and)-287(helps)]TJ T* [(the)-333(system)-333(iden)27(tify)-333(fak)27(e)-332(\257les)-334(at)-333(the)-333(same)-334(time.)]TJ -0.8 -1.87 Td [(The)-318(road)-318(map)-318(of)-318(this)-318(pap)-27(er)-318(is)-318(as)-318(follo)26(ws.)-317(In)-318(Section)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(2,)-496(w)27(e)-496(co)27(v)28(er)-496(the)-496(related)-497(w)27(orks.)-496(W)83(e)-496(prop)-28(ose)-496(a)-497(m)27(ulti-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(dimensional)-559(reputation)-559(system)-560(com)27(bined)-558(with)-560(trust)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(and)-355(incen)26(tiv)28(e)-355(mec)27(hanisms)-355(in)-356(Section)-355(3)-356(and)-356(discuss)-356(its)]TJ T* [(implemen)27(tations)-463(and)-463(some)-464(securit)27(y)-463(considerations)-464(in)]TJ T* [(DHT)-279(in)-280(Section)-280(4.)-279(W)82(e)-279(dra)27(w)-278(a)-280(brief)-280(conclusion)-280(and)-279(pro-)]TJ T* [(p)-27(ose)-334(some)-333(future)-333(researc)26(h)-332(p)-28(ossibilities)-333(in)-333(Section)-334(5.)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 66.865 505.323 Tm [(2.)-787(Related)-375(W)93(orks)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 78.82 483.069 Tm [(Most)-461(of)-461(the)-461(curren)27(t)-460(reputation)-461(systems)-461(are)-461(v)54(aria-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(tions)-333(of)-333(Tit-for-T)82(at)-332([6])-333([)-1(7])-333(and)-333(EigenT)82(rust)-332([2].)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_2 1 Tf 1 -1.917 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Tit-for-tat)-471([1])-472(is)-471(based)-471(on)-472(priv)55(ate)-471(history)-471(and)-472(a)]TJ T* [(p)-27(eer)-403(giving)-403(higher)-403(priorit)27(y)-401(to)-403(those)-403(from)-403(who)-402(he)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(has)-394(successfully)-394(do)27(wnloaded)-393(more.)-394(Q.)-394(Lian)-394(et)-394(al.)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [([13])-364(sho)26(w)28(ed)-364(that)-365(ev)27(en)-364(with)-365(a)-365(long)-364(priv)54(ate)-364(history)]TJ T* [(it)-413(is)-413(di\261cult)-413(to)-413(impro)27(v)27(e)-412(request)-413(co)27(v)28(erage.)-413(A)-413(one)]TJ T* [(mon)27(th)-412(do)27(wnload)-413(log)-413(only)-413(enforces)-414(Tit-for-T)83(at)-413(to)]TJ T* [(only)-288(2%)-289(of)-289(a)-289(p)-28(eer's)-289(uploads)-288(and)-289(the)-289(other)-289(98%)-289(are)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(blind)-333(uploads.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_2 1 Tf -1 -1.67 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(EigenT)83(rust)-477(w)26(orks)-477(similarly)-478(to)-478(the)-478(P)26(ageRank)-477([8])]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(algorithm)-448(used)-448(b)26(y)-447(Go)-28(ogle.)-448(The)-449(page)-448(link)-448(in)-449(the)]TJ T* [(P)27(ageRank)-248(algorithm)-249(b)-28(ecomes)-249(tra\261c)-249(\260o)27(w)-248(in)-249(Eigen-)]TJ T* [(T)83(rust.)-518(It)-518(assigns)-519(eac)27(h)-518(p)-28(eer)-518(a)-519(global)-518(EigenRank)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(v)55(alue)-390(b)27(y)-390(computing)-392(the)-391(left)-391(principle)-391(eigen)27(v)27(ector)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(of)-399(the)-400(trust)-400(matrix.)-400(Q.)-400(Lian)-400(et)-400(al.[13])-400(also)-400(found)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(that)-366(it)-366(su\256ers)-366(from)-367(b)-27(oth)-367(false)-366(negativ)27(es)-365(and)-367(false)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(p)-27(ositiv)26(es.)]TJ -0.8 -1.87 Td [(Q.)-427(Lian)-428(et)-428(al.)-427([13])-428(prop)-28(osed)-428(a)-427(m)26(ulti-trust)-426(solution)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(to)-286(ac)27(hiev)27(e)-285(a)-287(balance)-287(b)-28(et)27(w)28(een)-286(the)-287(t)27(w)28(o)-286(reputation)-287(mec)27(h-)]TJ T* [(anisms.)-463(It)-464(uses)-464(direct)-464(trust)-464(relationship)-464(to)-463(construct)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(a)-470(one-step)-470(trust)-470(matrix)-470(whic)27(h)-469(is)-470(tit-for-tat)-470(and)-471(uses)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(this)-300(matrix)-300(to)-300(construct)-301(a)-300(t)27(w)28(o-step)-300(or)-300(n-step)-300(trust)-300(ma-)]TJ T* [(trix)-314(whic)27(h)-314(is)-314(similar)-315(to)-314(EigenT)82(rust.)-313(The)-315(insigh)27(t)-313(is)-315(that)]TJ T* [(when)-452(deriving)-452(the)-453(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-451(metric)-453(for)-452(service)-452(di\256er-)]TJ T* [(en)27(tiation,)-398(it)-399(needs)-398(to)-399(ideally)-399(consider)-399(all)-399(these)-399(matri-)]TJ T* [(ces)-481(instead)-482(of)-481(just)-482(one.)-481(The)-482(immediate)-481(friends)-482(form)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(the)-351(\257rst)-351(tier,)-351(friends')-351(friends)-351(form)-351(the)-351(next)-351(and)-351(so)-351(on.)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(Eac)27(h)-349(matrix)-350(precisely)-350(represen)27(ts)-349(the)-350(trust)-350(that)-350(a)-350(p)-27(eer)]TJ T* [(imp)-27(oses)-413(on)-413(others)-413(at)-413(a)-413(di\256eren)26(t)-412(lev)27(el)-412(and)-413(as)-413(the)-413(lev-)]TJ T* [(els)-377(go)-378(deep)-28(er,)-378(the)-377(trust)-378(b)-28(ecomes)-378(more)-377(global)-378(and)-378(less)]TJ 25.971 63.137 Td [(priv)55(ate.)-243(This)-244(m)27(ulti-tier)-243(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-243(sc)26(heme)-242(essen)26(tially)-243(im-)]TJ T* [(p)-27(oses)-264(service)-264(di\256eren)26(tiation)-263(b)27(y)-263(lo)-28(oking)-264(at)-264(whic)27(h)-263(tier)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 22.609 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 557.667 721.498 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 325.615 711.037 Tm [(falls)-402(in)26(to)-401(when)-403(its)-403(do)27(wnloading)-402(request)-403(arriv)27(es)-402(at)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 22.419 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 555.781 709.543 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 559.098 711.037 Tm (.)Tj -23.435 -1.2 Td [(The)-406(smaller)-406(lev)26(el)-405(the)-406(user)-407(b)-28(elongs)-406(to,)-407(the)-406(higher)-406(pri-)]TJ T* [(orit)27(y)-400(they)-400(are)-401(giv)26(en.)-399(Within)-401(the)-401(same)-401(tier,)-401(t)27(w)28(o)-400(p)-28(eers)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(will)-247(b)-28(e)-247(rank)27(ed)-247(according)-247(to)-248(their)-247(v)54(alues)-246(in)-248(the)-247(matrix)-248(of)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(that)-254(tier.)-254(Ho)27(w)27(ev)28(er,)-253(it)-254(do)-28(es)-254(not)-255(solv)27(e)-253(the)-254(one-step)-255(sparse)]TJ T* [(matrix)-361(problem)-361(whic)26(h)-360(means)-361(that)-362(if)-361(the)-362(one-step)-361(ma-)]TJ T* [(trix)-319(is)-319(to)-28(o)-320(sparse,)-319(it)-319(will)-320(need)-319(a)-320(lot)-319(of)-319(steps)-320(to)-319(get)-320(ade-)]TJ T* [(quate)-333(request)-333(co)27(v)27(erage.)]TJ 1.2 -1.278 Td [(There)-462(are)-462(also)-463(man)27(y)-462(other)-462(w)27(orks)-462(suc)27(h)-461(as)-463(P2Prep)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [([9],)-507(XRep[10],)-507(P)27(eerT)83(rust)-506([11],)-507(T)82(rustGuard)-506([12],)-507(Cre-)]TJ T* [(dence)-406([5])-407(and)-407(LIP)-407([3].)-407(Most)-407(of)-407(these)-407(w)27(oks)-406(discuss)-407(in-)]TJ T* [(cen)27(tiv)28(e)-268(and)-268(trust)-269(mec)27(hanisms)-268(separately)82(.)-267(In)-269(a)-269(real)-268(situ-)]TJ T* [(ation,)-322(a)-322(trust)-322(mec)27(hanism)-321(without)-323(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-321(w)27(ould)-322(face)]TJ T* [(lac)27(k)-311(of)-313(users')-312(en)27(th)27(usiasm)-311(and)-312(sparse)-313(relationship)-312(of)-313(di-)]TJ T* [(rect)-344(trust)-344(while)-345(an)-344(incen)27(tiv)27(e)-343(mec)27(hanism)-344(without)-344(trust)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(could)-375(induce)-376(users')-376(bad)-375(b)-28(eha)27(vior.)-375(Our)-376(w)27(ork)-375(com)27(bines)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(trust)-293(and)-294(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-293(mec)27(hanisms)-293(and)-294(creates)-293(a)-294(more)-294(ac-)]TJ T* [(tiv)27(e)-265(and)-267(trust)27(w)28(orth)27(y)-265(P2P)-267(net)27(w)28(ork.)-266(Our)-267(w)27(ork)-265(also)-267(com-)]TJ T* [(bines)-432(explicit)-432(and)-433(implicit)-432(ev)54(aluations)-431(to)-433(construct)-432(a)]TJ T* [(more)-306(extensiv)27(e)-306(direct)-306(trust)-306(relationship)-307(b)-28(et)27(w)28(een)-305(users.)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 325.615 453.252 Tm [(3.)-787(Design)-375(of)-375(Reputation)-375(System)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 429.987 Tm [(F)83(rom)-332(the)-334(analysis)-333(ab)-28(o)27(v)28(e,)-333(a)-333(no)27(v)28(el)-333(reputation)-333(system)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(is)-301(designed)-302(in)-301(the)-302(follo)27(wing)-301(w)27(a)28(y)83(.)-301(W)83(e)-301(\257rst)-302(use)-301(\257les')-302(v)27(ote)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(and)-380(reten)26(tion)-380(time,)-380(do)26(wnload)-380(v)27(olume)-380(and)-381(users')-380(rank)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(to)-331(construct)-332(a)-331(denser)-332(one-step)-331(trust)-332(matrix)-331(and)-332(calcu-)]TJ T* [(late)-405(users')-406(reputations)-406(with)-406(n-step)-406(m)26(ulti-trust.)-405(Based)]TJ T* [(on)-400(the)-400(reputations,)-400(w)26(e)-399(iden)27(tify)-399(fak)26(e)-399(\257les)-400(and)-400(use)-401(ser-)]TJ T* [(vice)-462(di\256eren)27(tiation)-462(to)-462(encourage)-462(users')-463(activ)27(e)-462(partic-)]TJ T* [(ipation)-460(whic)27(h)-459(will)-461(also)-460(increase)-461(the)-460(denseness)-460(of)-461(the)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(one-step)-333(trust)-333(matrix.)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 305.481 Tm [(3.1.)-804(Direct)-384(T)95(rust)-382(Relationship)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 282.216 Tm [(File,)-396(do)26(wnload)-395(v)26(olume)-395(and)-397(user)-397(will)-397(b)-28(e)-397(used)-396(sepa-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(rately)-303(to)-304(construct)-304(a)-304(m)27(ulti-dimensional)-303(direct)-304(trust)-304(re-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (lationship.)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0 -2.151 TD [(3.1.1.)-804(File)-1208(Based)-1207(Direct)-1207(T)94(rust)-1206(Relation-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (ship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.478 Td [(In)-235(P2P)-236(\257le)-236(sharing)-235(systems,)-236(users)-236(exc)27(hange)-235(\257les)-236(with)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(others)-302(and)-303(ev)55(aluate)-302(the)-303(\257les)-303(they)-302(ha)26(v)28(e.)-302(The)-302(ev)54(aluation)]TJ T* [(can)-336(b)-28(e)-336(mapp)-28(ed)-337(in)27(to)-336([0,1])-336(with)-337(1)-336(means)-337(the)-337(b)-27(est)-337(and)-336(0)]TJ T* [(means)-333(the)-333(w)27(orst.)]TJ 1.2 -1.278 Td [(A)-333(\257le)-333(can)-334(b)-27(e)-334(ev)55(aluated)-332(explicitly)-334(and)-333(implicitly)82(.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_2 1 Tf -0.2 -2.189 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Explicit)-251(ev)54(aluation)-251(can)-252(b)-28(e)-251(collected)-252(b)26(y)-251(users')-252(v)27(otes)]TJ T* [(on)-400(\257les.)-400(Most)-401(of)-400(the)-400(traditional)-401(v)27(ote-based)-399(repu-)]TJ T* [(tation)-340(mec)27(hanisms)-340(use)-340(this)-340(metho)-28(d.)-341(It)-340(can)-341(re\260ect)]TJ ET endstream endobj 123 0 obj<> endobj 124 0 obj<> endobj 125 0 obj<>stream 0 g 1 i /FICL:RI_to_be_removed ri /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.963 0 0 9.963 86.79 734.947 Tm [(a)-311(user's)-311(ev)54(aluation)-310(of)-312(\257les)-311(more)-311(accurately)-312(but)-311(re-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(quires)-408(users')-409(participation)-409(and)-408(imp)-28(oses)-409(a)-409(burden)]TJ T* [(on)-333(them.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_1 1 Tf -1 -1.6 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Implicit)-480(ev)55(aluation)-480(can)-481(b)-27(e)-481(collect)-480(b)26(y)-479(a)-481(\257le's)-480(re-)]TJ T* [(ten)27(tion)-325(time)-326(in)-326(a)-326(user's)-326(computer.)-326(It)-326(do)-28(esn't)-326(need)]TJ T* [(users)-245(to)-245(participate)-246(but)-245(its)-245(error)-246(migh)27(t)-244(b)-28(e)-245(large)-246(b)-27(e-)]TJ T* [(cause)-328(the)-328(ev)55(aluation)-327(is)-328(only)-328(inferred)-328(from)-329(a)-328(user's)]TJ T* [(b)-27(eha)26(vior.)]TJ -0.8 -1.8 Td [(Our)-256(w)27(ork)-255(calculates)-256(a)-257(\257le's)-256(ev)55(aluation)-255(b)26(y)-255(an)-256(in)27(tegra-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(tion)-371(of)-371(the)-371(t)27(w)27(o)-370(ev)55(aluations.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 12.472 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 197.929 615.889 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 201.246 617.383 Tm [('s)-371(ev)55(aluation)-370(of)-372(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.712 0 Td (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.84 0 Td (is)Tj -23.041 -1.2 Td [(calculated)-328(b)27(y)-328(Equation)-329(\(1\),)-328(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 14.907 0 Td [(I)-78(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 227.894 603.934 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 238.185 605.428 Tm (means)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.056 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 275.437 603.934 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 278.754 605.428 Tm [('s)-328(im-)]TJ -21.268 -1.2 Td [(plicit)-256(ev)54(aluation)-256(of)-257(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.805 0 Td (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.469 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.535 0 Td [(E)-57(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 189.839 591.978 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 199.415 593.473 Tm (means)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 2.985 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 235.954 591.978 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 239.271 593.473 Tm [('s)-256(explicit)-257(ev)54(al-)]TJ -17.305 -1.2 Td [(uation)-246(of)-246(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 5.6 0 Td (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.469 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.524 0 Td (\264)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.779 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.857 0 Td (\275)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.763 0 Td [(are)-246(w)27(eigh)28(t)-245(v)54(alues,)-245(and)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.687 0 Td (\264)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.58 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.826 0 Td (\275)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.795 0 Td [(=)-277(1.)]TJ -21.879 -1.2 Td [(Ho)27(w)28(ev)28(er)-405(w)26(e)-405(still)-406(need)-406(to)-406(use)-407(an)-406(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-405(mec)26(hanism)]TJ T* [(to)-307(encourage)-307(users)-307(to)-307(v)27(ote)-306(b)-28(ecause)-307(it)-307(is)-307(more)-307(accurate.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0.486 -3.65 Td (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 79.063 519.747 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 88.847 521.241 Tm (=)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 1.056 1.41 Td (\275)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.25 -0.8 Td [(I)-78(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 124.332 525.824 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 200.632 527.318 Tm [(if)-333(a)-333(user)-334(do)-27(esn't)-334(v)27(ote)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -8.915 -1.2 Td [(I)-78(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 124.332 513.869 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 133.562 515.363 Tm (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (\264)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.755 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(E)-57(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 171.307 513.869 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 180.537 515.363 Tm (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (\275)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.517 0 Td [(if)-333(a)-333(user)-334(v)27(otes)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k 9.009 -1.21 Td (\(1\))Tj 0 g -21.235 -1.2 Td [(A)-359(\257le's)-359(ev)55(aluation)-358(generally)-359(means)-359(a)-359(user's)-360(opinion)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(so)-364(if)-365(t)27(w)28(o)-364(users)-365(ha)27(v)28(e)-364(similar)-365(ev)55(aluations)-364(of)-364(\257les,)-365(w)27(e)-364(in-)]TJ T* [(fer)-330(that)-331(they)-330(ha)26(v)28(e)-329(some)-331(direct)-331(trust)-330(relationship.)-331(If)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 22.697 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 299.798 465.947 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 66.865 455.487 Tm (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.874 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 92.339 453.992 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 99.158 455.487 Tm [(b)-27(oth)-263(ha)26(v)28(e)-262(ev)55(aluated)-262(some)-264(\257les)-263(and)-263(the)-263(in)27(tersec-)]TJ -3.241 -1.2 Td [(tion)-312(of)-312(these)-313(\257les)-312(is)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.661 0 Td (F)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.094 0 Td [(with)-312(size)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 4.13 0 Td (m)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf [(,)-312(w)27(e)-311(de\257ne)-313(\257le)-312(based)]TJ -13.886 -1.2 Td [(direct)-333(trust)-333(relationship)-333(with)-334(Equation)-333(\(2\))]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 252.337 435.192 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 256.806 431.576 Tm (.)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf -13.771 -2.793 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 133.215 402.253 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 142.999 403.747 Tm [(=)-277(1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 1.778 0 Td (\241)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 1.12 1.493 Td (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 182.384 408.16 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (F)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 200.44 411.149 Tm (j)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 210.562 409.655 Tm (ik)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 220.496 411.149 Tm (\241)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 237.813 409.655 Tm [(j)-57(k)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 246.415 411.149 Tm (j)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 91.503 -338.672 m 168.817 -338.672 l S Q BT /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 206.151 396.914 Tm (m)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 8.455 0.686 Td (\(2\))Tj 0 g -21.235 -2.086 Td [(It)-339(is)-340(ob)26(vious)-339(that)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 7.899 0 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 171.125 381.468 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 181.019 382.963 Tm (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.955 0 Td ([0)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf (;)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.222 0 Td [(1].)-339(A)-340(large)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 4.939 0 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 265.536 381.468 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 275.939 382.963 Tm (means)Tj -20.985 -1.2 Td [(the)-282(t)26(w)28(o)-282(users')-283(opinions)-282(are)-283(similar;)-283(a)-283(small)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 18.632 0 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 266.105 369.513 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 275.939 371.008 Tm (means)Tj -20.985 -1.2 Td [(the)-387(t)27(w)27(o)-386(users')-388(opinions)-388(are)-388(di\256eren)27(t.)-387(If)-387(the)-388(size)-388(of)-388(in-)]TJ T* [(tersection)-292(is)-293(zero,)-293(the)-292(t)26(w)28(o)-292(users)-292(will)-293(not)-293(ha)27(v)28(e)-292(\257le)-293(based)]TJ T* [(direct)-333(trust)-333(relationship.)]TJ 1.2 -1.2 Td [(W)83(e)-253(then)-254(de\257ne)-254(\257le)-254(based)-254(one-step)-254(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 18.065 0 Td [(F)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.861 0 Td [(\))-253(with)]TJ -21.126 -1.2 Td [(Equation)-298(\(3\),)-299(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.716 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 160.502 309.737 Tm [(al)-5(l)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 173.419 311.231 Tm [(means)-298(all)-299(the)-299(users)-299(in)-299(the)-299(sys-)]TJ -10.695 -1.2 Td (tem.)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 6.913 -2.66 Td [(F)-138(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 153.198 271.279 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 162.982 272.773 Tm (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.068 0.676 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 207.166 278.019 Tm (ij)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 94.329 -469.646 m 152.677 -469.646 l S Q BT /T1_4 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 174.694 273.412 Tm (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 185.21 262.951 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 200.409 261.894 Tm (all)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 211.709 265.94 Tm [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 225.321 264.445 Tm (ik)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 290.385 272.773 Tm (\(3\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf -22.435 -2.437 Td [(3.1.2.)-804(Do)30(wnload)-641(V)94(olume)-642(Based)-642(Direct)-643(T)94(rust)]TJ T* (Relationship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.4 Td [(In)-228(P2P)-228(\257le)-228(sharing)-228(systems,)-228(if)-228(a)-228(user)-228(do)27(wnloads)-227(some)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(real)-376(\257le)-376(from)-376(another)-376(user,)-376(it)-376(means)-376(he)-376(can)-376(trust)-376(this)]TJ T* [(user)-252(so)-252(v)55(alid)-251(do)26(wnload)-251(v)27(olume)-251(can)-252(b)-28(e)-252(used)-252(to)-252(construct)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(implicit)-454(direct)-455(trust)-455(relationship.)-455(W)82(e)-454(de\257ne)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 20.026 0 Td [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 282.656 175.27 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 294.204 176.764 Tm (as)Tj -22.818 -1.2 Td [(v)55(alid)-415(do)27(wnload)-415(v)27(olume)-415(that)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 12.83 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 201.493 163.315 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 208.954 164.809 Tm [(has)-415(do)26(wnloaded)-415(from)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -14.262 -1.2 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 73.667 151.36 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 80.491 152.854 Tm [(with)-263(Equation)-264(\(4\),)-263(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.818 0 Td (D)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 196.516 151.36 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 206.158 152.854 Tm [(means)-263(all)-264(the)-263(\257les)-264(that)]TJ ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 0 0 1 K 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d -13.5 -604.075 m 80.999 -604.075 l S Q 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_9 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 66.865 127.529 Tm [(1)-1247(There)-222(are)-223(also)-222(man)28(y)-221(other)-222(equations)-223(to)-222(de\257ne)-223(the)-222(distance)-223(b)-29(e-)]TJ 1.778 -1.125 Td [(t)29(w)30(een)-270(t)29(w)29(o)-269(v)28(ectors,)-269(suc)28(h)-269(as)-270(Kullbac)28(k-Leibler)-269(distance)-271(and)-270(Eu-)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(clid)-230(distance.)]TJ 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 325.615 734.947 Tm (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 332.417 733.453 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 338.593 734.947 Tm [(has)-286(do)26(wnloaded)-286(from)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.48 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 439.843 733.453 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 444.041 734.947 Tm (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.565 0 Td (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 457.021 733.453 Tm (ik)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 467.6 734.947 Tm (means)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.015 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 504.437 733.453 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 507.754 734.947 Tm [('s)-286(ev)54(aluation)]TJ -18.282 -1.2 Td [(of)-371(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 2.826 0 Td (k)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.552 0 Td [(,)-371(and)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 2.631 0 Td (S)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 391.593 721.498 Tm (k)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 400.194 722.992 Tm [(means)-371(the)-371(size)-371(of)-372(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.617 0 Td (k)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.552 0 Td [(.)-371(W)83(e)-371(then)-371(de-)]TJ -17.655 -1.2 Td [(\257ne)-367(do)27(wnload)-366(v)26(olume)-366(based)-367(direct)-367(trust)-368(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.389 0 Td [(D)-27(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.935 0 Td (\))Tj -23.324 -1.2 Td [(with)-333(Equation)-333(\(5\).)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 7.13 -2.511 Td [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 412.923 672.569 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 422.707 674.063 Tm (=)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 1.471 0.95 Td (X)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 433.223 662.08 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (D)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 449.51 661.084 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 457.55 674.063 Tm (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 464.904 672.569 Tm (ik)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 474.838 674.063 Tm (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (S)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 485.929 672.569 Tm (k)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 674.063 Tm (\(4\))Tj 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf -15.692 -3.79 Td [(D)-27(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 410.985 634.805 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 420.769 636.299 Tm (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.068 0.676 Td [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 467.614 641.544 Tm (ij)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 352.115 -106.12 m 413.125 -106.12 l S Q BT /T1_4 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 432.48 636.937 Tm (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 442.996 626.476 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 458.196 625.419 Tm (all)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 469.496 629.465 Tm [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 485.769 627.971 Tm (ik)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 636.299 Tm (\(5\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf -22.435 -2.534 Td [(3.1.3.)-804(User)-1095(Based)-1095(Direct)-1095(T)94(rust)-1093(Relation-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (ship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.428 Td [(In)-336(P2P)-336(\257le)-337(sharing)-336(systems,)-337(users)-336(can)-336(also)-337(ev)55(aluate)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(eac)27(h)-410(other)-411(and)-411(w)27(e)-410(use)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.396 0 Td [(U)-108(T)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.926 0 Td [(to)-410(represen)26(t)-410(this)-411(relation-)]TJ -12.322 -1.2 Td [(ship.)-409(This)-410(can)-410(b)-27(e)-410(realized)-410(b)27(y)-409(assigning)-409(a)-410(user)-410(with)-409(a)]TJ T* [(v)55(alue.)-343(This)-344(can)-344(also)-343(b)-28(e)-344(done)-344(b)27(y)-343(friend)-344(lists)-344(and)-344(blac)27(k-)]TJ T* [(lists,)-230(whic)27(h)-230(means)-230(a)-231(user's)-230(friends)-231(should)-230(b)-28(e)-231(more)-230(trust-)]TJ T* [(w)27(orth)28(y)-367(and)-369(they)-368(should)-368(b)-28(e)-368(assigned)-369(with)-368(a)-369(large)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.92 0 Td [(U)-108(T)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.515 0 Td (,)Tj -23.435 -1.2 Td [(while)-358(the)-359(users)-359(in)-359(the)-359(blac)27(klist)-358(are)-359(not)-359(as)-359(trust)27(w)28(orth)27(y)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(and)-447(they)-447(should)-448(b)-28(e)-447(assigned)-448(with)-447(zero.)-448(W)83(e)-447(then)-447(de-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(\257ne)-467(user)-468(based)-468(one-step)-467(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf [(U)-109(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 16.458 0 Td [(\))-467(with)-468(Equation)]TJ -16.458 -1.2 Td (\(6\).)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 6.904 -2.771 Td [(U)-108(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 411.948 438.214 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 421.732 439.709 Tm (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.068 0.676 Td [(U)-109(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 466.014 444.954 Tm (ij)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 353.079 -302.711 m 411.525 -302.711 l S Q BT /T1_4 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 433.444 440.347 Tm (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 443.96 429.886 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 459.159 428.829 Tm (all)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 470.459 432.875 Tm [(U)-109(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 484.169 431.381 Tm (ik)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 439.709 Tm (\(6\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf -22.435 -2.534 Td [(3.1.4.)-804(In)30(tegration)-794(of)-796(Direct)-796(T)95(rust)-795(Relation-)]TJ T* (ship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.428 Td [(W)83(e)-438(can)-440(get)-439(an)-439(in)27(tegrated)-439(direct)-439(trust)-439(relationship)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(from)-399(the)-400(three)-399(relationships)-400(ab)-27(o)26(v)28(e)-398(and)-400(form)-400(one-step)]TJ T* [(direct)-363(trust)-363(matrix)-363(\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.02 0 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.802 0 Td [(\))-363(with)-363(Equation)-363(\(7\),)-364(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 11.969 0 Td (\256)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.643 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf -23.435 -1.2 Td (\257)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.945 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.937 0 Td (\260)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.9 0 Td [(mean)-326(the)-326(w)26(eigh)28(t)-325(v)54(alue)-325(of)-327(eac)27(h)-326(direct)-326(trust)-326(re-)]TJ -3.782 -1.2 Td [(lationship)-320(resp)-28(ectiv)27(ely)-320(and)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 11.975 0 Td (\256)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.84 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.975 0 Td (\257)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.815 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.974 0 Td (\260)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.851 0 Td [(=)-277(1.)-321(When)-320(there)]TJ -16.43 -1.2 Td [(are)-331(more)-331(metho)-28(ds)-331(to)-331(get)-331(direct)-332(trust)-331(relationship,)-331(this)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(equation)-333(can)-333(b)-28(e)-333(extended)-334(easily)83(.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 4.232 -2.511 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.08 0 Td (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.056 0 Td (\256)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.866 0 Td (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(F)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.083 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td (\257)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.841 0 Td (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(D)-27(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.157 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td (\260)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.795 0 Td (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(U)-108(M)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 4.825 0 Td (\(7\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 255.356 Tm [(3.2.)-804(The)-384(Calculation)-383(of)-383(Reputation)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 233.019 Tm [(W)83(e)-419(use)-421(m)27(ulti-trust)-419(to)-420(calculate)-420(the)-421(reputation)-420(b)-28(e-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(t)27(w)28(een)-460(users.)-460(W)82(e)-460(de\257ne)-461(reputation)-460(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 19.073 0 Td [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.846 0 Td [(\))-460(with)]TJ -20.919 -1.2 Td [(Equation)-333(\(8\).)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.093 -2.511 Td [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.124 0 Td (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.056 0 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 465.845 188.204 Tm (n)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 184.09 Tm (\(8\))Tj 0 g -21.235 -1.847 Td [(In)-349(order)-350(to)-350(c)26(ho)-26(ose)-350(n,)-350(w)26(e)-349(do)-350(an)-349(exp)-28(erimen)27(t)-349(in)-350(Maze)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [([15],)-477(whic)27(h)-477(is)-477(a)-478(large)-477(deplo)27(y)28(ed)-477(P2P)-477(\257le)-478(sharing)-477(sys-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(tem)-248(with)-249(more)-249(than)-248(2)-249(million)-249(registered)-249(users)-248(and)-249(more)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(than)-260(10,000)-261(users)-260(online)-261(at)-260(an)27(y)-260(giv)27(en)-260(time.)-260(A)-261(log)-260(serv)27(er)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(is)-437(used)-437(to)-438(record)-437(ev)26(ery)-436(do)27(wnloading)-437(action)-437(and)-438(eac)27(h)]TJ T* [(log)-410(con)27(tains)-410(uploading)-410(user-ID,)-411(do)27(wnloading)-409(user-ID,)]TJ ET endstream endobj 126 0 obj<>stream 0 g 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.963 0 0 9.963 86.79 734.947 Tm [(a)-311(user's)-311(ev)54(aluation)-310(of)-312(\257les)-311(more)-311(accurately)-312(but)-311(re-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(quires)-408(users')-409(participation)-409(and)-408(imp)-28(oses)-409(a)-409(burden)]TJ T* [(on)-333(them.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_1 1 Tf -1 -1.6 Td (\262)Tj 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(Implicit)-480(ev)55(aluation)-480(can)-481(b)-27(e)-481(collect)-480(b)26(y)-479(a)-481(\257le's)-480(re-)]TJ T* [(ten)27(tion)-325(time)-326(in)-326(a)-326(user's)-326(computer.)-326(It)-326(do)-28(esn't)-326(need)]TJ T* [(users)-245(to)-245(participate)-246(but)-245(its)-245(error)-246(migh)27(t)-244(b)-28(e)-245(large)-246(b)-27(e-)]TJ T* [(cause)-328(the)-328(ev)55(aluation)-327(is)-328(only)-328(inferred)-328(from)-329(a)-328(user's)]TJ T* [(b)-27(eha)26(vior.)]TJ -0.8 -1.8 Td [(Our)-256(w)27(ork)-255(calculates)-256(a)-257(\257le's)-256(ev)55(aluation)-255(b)26(y)-255(an)-256(in)27(tegra-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(tion)-371(of)-371(the)-371(t)27(w)27(o)-370(ev)55(aluations.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 12.472 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 197.929 615.889 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 201.246 617.383 Tm [('s)-371(ev)55(aluation)-370(of)-372(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.712 0 Td (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.84 0 Td (is)Tj -23.041 -1.2 Td [(calculated)-328(b)27(y)-328(Equation)-329(\(1\),)-328(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 14.907 0 Td [(I)-78(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 227.894 603.934 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 238.185 605.428 Tm (means)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.056 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 275.437 603.934 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 278.754 605.428 Tm [('s)-328(im-)]TJ -21.268 -1.2 Td [(plicit)-256(ev)54(aluation)-256(of)-257(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.805 0 Td (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.469 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.535 0 Td [(E)-57(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 189.839 591.978 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 199.415 593.473 Tm (means)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 2.985 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 235.954 591.978 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 239.271 593.473 Tm [('s)-256(explicit)-257(ev)54(al-)]TJ -17.305 -1.2 Td [(uation)-246(of)-246(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 5.6 0 Td (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.469 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.524 0 Td (\264)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.779 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.857 0 Td (\275)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.763 0 Td [(are)-246(w)27(eigh)28(t)-245(v)54(alues,)-245(and)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.687 0 Td (\264)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.58 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.826 0 Td (\275)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.795 0 Td [(=)-277(1.)]TJ -21.879 -1.2 Td [(Ho)27(w)28(ev)28(er)-405(w)26(e)-405(still)-406(need)-406(to)-406(use)-407(an)-406(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-405(mec)26(hanism)]TJ T* [(to)-307(encourage)-307(users)-307(to)-307(v)27(ote)-306(b)-28(ecause)-307(it)-307(is)-307(more)-307(accurate.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0.486 -3.65 Td (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 79.063 519.747 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 88.847 521.241 Tm (=)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 1.056 1.41 Td (\275)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.25 -0.8 Td [(I)-78(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 124.332 525.824 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 200.632 527.318 Tm [(if)-333(a)-333(user)-334(do)-27(esn't)-334(v)27(ote)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -8.915 -1.2 Td [(I)-78(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 124.332 513.869 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 133.562 515.363 Tm (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (\264)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.755 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td [(E)-57(E)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 171.307 513.869 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 180.537 515.363 Tm (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (\275)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.517 0 Td [(if)-333(a)-333(user)-334(v)27(otes)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k 9.009 -1.21 Td (\(1\))Tj 0 g -21.235 -1.2 Td [(A)-359(\257le's)-359(ev)55(aluation)-358(generally)-359(means)-359(a)-359(user's)-360(opinion)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(so)-364(if)-365(t)27(w)28(o)-364(users)-365(ha)27(v)28(e)-364(similar)-365(ev)55(aluations)-364(of)-364(\257les,)-365(w)27(e)-364(in-)]TJ T* [(fer)-330(that)-331(they)-330(ha)26(v)28(e)-329(some)-331(direct)-331(trust)-330(relationship.)-331(If)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 22.697 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 299.798 465.947 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 66.865 455.487 Tm (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.874 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 92.339 453.992 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 99.158 455.487 Tm [(b)-27(oth)-263(ha)26(v)28(e)-262(ev)55(aluated)-262(some)-264(\257les)-263(and)-263(the)-263(in)27(tersec-)]TJ -3.241 -1.2 Td [(tion)-312(of)-312(these)-313(\257les)-312(is)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.661 0 Td (F)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.094 0 Td [(with)-312(size)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 4.13 0 Td (m)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf [(,)-312(w)27(e)-311(de\257ne)-313(\257le)-312(based)]TJ -13.886 -1.2 Td [(direct)-333(trust)-333(relationship)-333(with)-334(Equation)-333(\(2\))]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 252.337 435.192 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 256.806 431.576 Tm (.)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf -13.771 -2.793 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 133.215 402.253 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 142.999 403.747 Tm [(=)-277(1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 1.778 0 Td (\241)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 1.12 1.493 Td (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 182.384 408.16 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (F)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 200.44 411.149 Tm (j)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 210.562 409.655 Tm (ik)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 220.496 411.149 Tm (\241)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 237.813 409.655 Tm [(j)-57(k)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 246.415 411.149 Tm (j)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 91.503 -338.672 m 168.817 -338.672 l S Q BT /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 206.151 396.914 Tm (m)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 8.455 0.686 Td (\(2\))Tj 0 g -21.235 -2.086 Td [(It)-339(is)-340(ob)26(vious)-339(that)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 7.899 0 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 171.125 381.468 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 181.019 382.963 Tm (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.955 0 Td ([0)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf (;)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.222 0 Td [(1].)-339(A)-340(large)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 4.939 0 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 265.536 381.468 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 275.939 382.963 Tm (means)Tj -20.985 -1.2 Td [(the)-282(t)26(w)28(o)-282(users')-283(opinions)-282(are)-283(similar;)-283(a)-283(small)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 18.632 0 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 266.105 369.513 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 275.939 371.008 Tm (means)Tj -20.985 -1.2 Td [(the)-387(t)27(w)27(o)-386(users')-388(opinions)-388(are)-388(di\256eren)27(t.)-387(If)-387(the)-388(size)-388(of)-388(in-)]TJ T* [(tersection)-292(is)-293(zero,)-293(the)-292(t)26(w)28(o)-292(users)-292(will)-293(not)-293(ha)27(v)28(e)-292(\257le)-293(based)]TJ T* [(direct)-333(trust)-333(relationship.)]TJ 1.2 -1.2 Td [(W)83(e)-253(then)-254(de\257ne)-254(\257le)-254(based)-254(one-step)-254(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 18.065 0 Td [(F)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.861 0 Td [(\))-253(with)]TJ -21.126 -1.2 Td [(Equation)-298(\(3\),)-299(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.716 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 160.502 309.737 Tm [(al)-5(l)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 173.419 311.231 Tm [(means)-298(all)-299(the)-299(users)-299(in)-299(the)-299(sys-)]TJ -10.695 -1.2 Td (tem.)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 6.913 -2.66 Td [(F)-138(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 153.198 271.279 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 162.982 272.773 Tm (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.068 0.676 Td [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 207.166 278.019 Tm (ij)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 94.329 -469.646 m 152.677 -469.646 l S Q BT /T1_4 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 174.694 273.412 Tm (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 185.21 262.951 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 200.409 261.894 Tm (all)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 211.709 265.94 Tm [(F)-138(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 225.321 264.445 Tm (ik)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 290.385 272.773 Tm (\(3\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf -22.435 -2.437 Td [(3.1.2.)-804(Do)30(wnload)-641(V)94(olume)-642(Based)-642(Direct)-643(T)94(rust)]TJ T* (Relationship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.4 Td [(In)-228(P2P)-228(\257le)-228(sharing)-228(systems,)-228(if)-228(a)-228(user)-228(do)27(wnloads)-227(some)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(real)-376(\257le)-376(from)-376(another)-376(user,)-376(it)-376(means)-376(he)-376(can)-376(trust)-376(this)]TJ T* [(user)-252(so)-252(v)55(alid)-251(do)26(wnload)-251(v)27(olume)-251(can)-252(b)-28(e)-252(used)-252(to)-252(construct)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(implicit)-454(direct)-455(trust)-455(relationship.)-455(W)82(e)-454(de\257ne)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 20.026 0 Td [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 282.656 175.27 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 294.204 176.764 Tm (as)Tj -22.818 -1.2 Td [(v)55(alid)-415(do)27(wnload)-415(v)27(olume)-415(that)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 12.83 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 201.493 163.315 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 208.954 164.809 Tm [(has)-415(do)26(wnloaded)-415(from)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -14.262 -1.2 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 73.667 151.36 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 80.491 152.854 Tm [(with)-263(Equation)-264(\(4\),)-263(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.818 0 Td (D)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 196.516 151.36 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 206.158 152.854 Tm [(means)-263(all)-264(the)-263(\257les)-264(that)]TJ ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 0 0 1 K 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d -13.5 -604.075 m 80.999 -604.075 l S Q 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_9 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 66.865 127.529 Tm [(1)-1247(There)-222(are)-223(also)-222(man)28(y)-221(other)-222(equations)-223(to)-222(de\257ne)-223(the)-222(distance)-223(b)-29(e-)]TJ 1.778 -1.125 Td [(t)29(w)30(een)-270(t)29(w)29(o)-269(v)28(ectors,)-269(suc)28(h)-269(as)-270(Kullbac)28(k-Leibler)-269(distance)-271(and)-270(Eu-)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(clid)-230(distance.)]TJ 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 325.615 734.947 Tm (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 332.417 733.453 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 338.593 734.947 Tm [(has)-286(do)26(wnloaded)-286(from)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.48 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 439.843 733.453 Tm (j)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 444.041 734.947 Tm (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.565 0 Td (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 457.021 733.453 Tm (ik)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 467.6 734.947 Tm (means)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.015 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 504.437 733.453 Tm (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 507.754 734.947 Tm [('s)-286(ev)54(aluation)]TJ -18.282 -1.2 Td [(of)-371(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 2.826 0 Td (k)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.552 0 Td [(,)-371(and)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 2.631 0 Td (S)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 391.593 721.498 Tm (k)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 400.194 722.992 Tm [(means)-371(the)-371(size)-371(of)-372(\257le)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.617 0 Td (k)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.552 0 Td [(.)-371(W)83(e)-371(then)-371(de-)]TJ -17.655 -1.2 Td [(\257ne)-367(do)27(wnload)-366(v)26(olume)-366(based)-367(direct)-367(trust)-368(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.389 0 Td [(D)-27(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.935 0 Td (\))Tj -23.324 -1.2 Td [(with)-333(Equation)-333(\(5\).)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 7.13 -2.511 Td [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 412.923 672.569 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 422.707 674.063 Tm (=)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 1.471 0.95 Td (X)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 433.223 662.08 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (D)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 449.51 661.084 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 457.55 674.063 Tm (E)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 464.904 672.569 Tm (ik)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 474.838 674.063 Tm (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (S)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 485.929 672.569 Tm (k)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 674.063 Tm (\(4\))Tj 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf -15.692 -3.79 Td [(D)-27(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 410.985 634.805 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 420.769 636.299 Tm (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.068 0.676 Td [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 467.614 641.544 Tm (ij)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 352.115 -106.12 m 413.125 -106.12 l S Q BT /T1_4 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 432.48 636.937 Tm (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 442.996 626.476 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 458.196 625.419 Tm (all)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 469.496 629.465 Tm [(V)-222(D)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 485.769 627.971 Tm (ik)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 636.299 Tm (\(5\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf -22.435 -2.534 Td [(3.1.3.)-804(User)-1095(Based)-1095(Direct)-1095(T)94(rust)-1093(Relation-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD (ship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.428 Td [(In)-336(P2P)-336(\257le)-337(sharing)-336(systems,)-337(users)-336(can)-336(also)-337(ev)55(aluate)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(eac)27(h)-410(other)-411(and)-411(w)27(e)-410(use)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.396 0 Td [(U)-108(T)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.926 0 Td [(to)-410(represen)26(t)-410(this)-411(relation-)]TJ -12.322 -1.2 Td [(ship.)-409(This)-410(can)-410(b)-27(e)-410(realized)-410(b)27(y)-409(assigning)-409(a)-410(user)-410(with)-409(a)]TJ T* [(v)55(alue.)-343(This)-344(can)-344(also)-343(b)-28(e)-344(done)-344(b)27(y)-343(friend)-344(lists)-344(and)-344(blac)27(k-)]TJ T* [(lists,)-230(whic)27(h)-230(means)-230(a)-231(user's)-230(friends)-231(should)-230(b)-28(e)-231(more)-230(trust-)]TJ T* [(w)27(orth)28(y)-367(and)-369(they)-368(should)-368(b)-28(e)-368(assigned)-369(with)-368(a)-369(large)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.92 0 Td [(U)-108(T)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.515 0 Td (,)Tj -23.435 -1.2 Td [(while)-358(the)-359(users)-359(in)-359(the)-359(blac)27(klist)-358(are)-359(not)-359(as)-359(trust)27(w)28(orth)27(y)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(and)-447(they)-447(should)-448(b)-28(e)-447(assigned)-448(with)-447(zero.)-448(W)83(e)-447(then)-447(de-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(\257ne)-467(user)-468(based)-468(one-step)-467(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf [(U)-109(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 16.458 0 Td [(\))-467(with)-468(Equation)]TJ -16.458 -1.2 Td (\(6\).)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 6.904 -2.771 Td [(U)-108(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 411.948 438.214 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 421.732 439.709 Tm (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 3.068 0.676 Td [(U)-109(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 466.014 444.954 Tm (ij)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 353.079 -302.711 m 411.525 -302.711 l S Q BT /T1_4 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 433.444 440.347 Tm (P)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 443.96 429.886 Tm (k)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.631 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 4.981 0 0 4.981 459.159 428.829 Tm (all)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 470.459 432.875 Tm [(U)-109(T)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 484.169 431.381 Tm (ik)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 439.709 Tm (\(6\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf -22.435 -2.534 Td [(3.1.4.)-804(In)30(tegration)-794(of)-796(Direct)-796(T)95(rust)-795(Relation-)]TJ T* (ship)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.2 -2.428 Td [(W)83(e)-438(can)-440(get)-439(an)-439(in)27(tegrated)-439(direct)-439(trust)-439(relationship)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(from)-399(the)-400(three)-399(relationships)-400(ab)-27(o)26(v)28(e)-398(and)-400(form)-400(one-step)]TJ T* [(direct)-363(trust)-363(matrix)-363(\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.02 0 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.802 0 Td [(\))-363(with)-363(Equation)-363(\(7\),)-364(while)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 11.969 0 Td (\256)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.643 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf -23.435 -1.2 Td (\257)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.945 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.937 0 Td (\260)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.9 0 Td [(mean)-326(the)-326(w)26(eigh)28(t)-325(v)54(alue)-325(of)-327(eac)27(h)-326(direct)-326(trust)-326(re-)]TJ -3.782 -1.2 Td [(lationship)-320(resp)-28(ectiv)27(ely)-320(and)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 11.975 0 Td (\256)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.84 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.975 0 Td (\257)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.815 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.974 0 Td (\260)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.851 0 Td [(=)-277(1.)-321(When)-320(there)]TJ -16.43 -1.2 Td [(are)-331(more)-331(metho)-28(ds)-331(to)-331(get)-331(direct)-332(trust)-331(relationship,)-331(this)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(equation)-333(can)-333(b)-28(e)-333(extended)-334(easily)83(.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 4.232 -2.511 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.08 0 Td (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.056 0 Td (\256)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.866 0 Td (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(F)-138(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.083 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td (\257)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.841 0 Td (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(D)-27(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.157 0 Td (+)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1 0 Td (\260)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.795 0 Td (\242)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(U)-108(M)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 4.825 0 Td (\(7\))Tj 0 g /T1_8 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 255.356 Tm [(3.2.)-804(The)-384(Calculation)-383(of)-383(Reputation)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 233.019 Tm [(W)83(e)-419(use)-421(m)27(ulti-trust)-419(to)-420(calculate)-420(the)-421(reputation)-420(b)-28(e-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(t)27(w)28(een)-460(users.)-460(W)82(e)-460(de\257ne)-461(reputation)-460(matrix\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 19.073 0 Td [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.846 0 Td [(\))-460(with)]TJ -20.919 -1.2 Td [(Equation)-333(\(8\).)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.093 -2.511 Td [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.124 0 Td (=)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 1.056 0 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 465.845 188.204 Tm (n)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_0 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 184.09 Tm (\(8\))Tj 0 g -21.235 -1.847 Td [(In)-349(order)-350(to)-350(c)26(ho)-26(ose)-350(n,)-350(w)26(e)-349(do)-350(an)-349(exp)-28(erimen)27(t)-349(in)-350(Maze)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [([15],)-477(whic)27(h)-477(is)-477(a)-478(large)-477(deplo)27(y)28(ed)-477(P2P)-477(\257le)-478(sharing)-477(sys-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(tem)-248(with)-249(more)-249(than)-248(2)-249(million)-249(registered)-249(users)-248(and)-249(more)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(than)-260(10,000)-261(users)-260(online)-261(at)-260(an)27(y)-260(giv)27(en)-260(time.)-260(A)-261(log)-260(serv)27(er)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(is)-437(used)-437(to)-438(record)-437(ev)26(ery)-436(do)27(wnloading)-437(action)-437(and)-438(eac)27(h)]TJ T* [(log)-410(con)27(tains)-410(uploading)-410(user-ID,)-411(do)27(wnloading)-409(user-ID,)]TJ ET endstream endobj 127 0 obj<> endobj 128 0 obj<> endobj 129 0 obj<> endobj 130 0 obj/Normal endobj 131 0 obj/Default endobj 132 0 obj/None endobj 133 0 obj/Default endobj 134 0 obj/Default endobj 135 0 obj/Default endobj 136 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/ProcSet[/PDF/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/XObject/BBox[0.0 0.0 500.0 305.0]/LastModified(D:20070525134631-07')/FormType 1>>stream H*w6PH/wt /ɏOJ/J/KMQ(250PAcS0˥k`]- endstream endobj 137 0 obj<>stream q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 1 i 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d /FICL:RI_to_be_removed ri /GS0 gs -13.5 -3.188 m 222.75 -3.188 l S Q q 0.398407 0 0 0.398407 82.0449829 616 cm /FICL:RI_to_be_removed ri /GS0 gs /Fm0 Do Q 0 g 1 i /FICL:RI_to_be_removed ri /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.963 0 0 9.963 78.82 590.148 Tm [(Figure)-235(1.)-235(Request)-236(coverage)-235(with)-236(di\256erent)-235(evalu-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(ation)-238(coverage)]TJ ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d -13.5 -181.805 m 222.75 -181.805 l S Q BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 66.865 539.634 Tm [(global)-407(time,)-407(\257les)-407(con)27(ten)27(t)-406(hash,)-407(and)-407(\257lename.)-408(W)83(e)-407(col-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(lect)-440(the)-441(logs)-441(of)-440(30)-441(da)27(ys,)-440(whic)27(h)-440(include)-441(103825)-440(users,)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(24,656,024)-479(do)26(wnloading)-479(actions)-480(and)-479(395218)-480(di\256eren)26(t)]TJ T* (\257les.)Tj 1.2 -1.245 Td [(W)83(e)-264(\257rst)-265(set)-265(the)-266(ev)55(aluation)-264(co)27(v)27(erage)-264(to)-265(b)-27(e)-266(k%,)-265(mean-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(ing)-429(eac)26(h)-429(user)-430(will)-430(ev)55(aluate)-429(k)-430(p)-28(ercen)27(t)-429(of)-430(his)-430(\257les)-430(ran-)]TJ T* [(domly)83(,)-295(then)-296(repla)27(y)-295(the)-296(do)27(wnloading)-295(actions)-295(to)-296(see)-296(ho)27(w)]TJ T* [(man)27(y)-376(do)27(wnload)-377(requests)-377(will)-377(b)-28(e)-377(co)26(v)28(ered.)-376(A)-377(do)26(wnload)]TJ T* [(request)-346(is)-346(co)27(v)28(ered)-346(means)-346(a)-346(\257le)-347(based)-346(direct)-346(trust)-346(rela-)]TJ T* [(tionship)-392(can)-392(b)-28(e)-392(constructed)-393(from)-392(the)-392(uploader)-393(to)-392(the)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(do)27(wnloader)-332(with)-333(the)-334(\257les)-333(they)-333(ha)26(v)28(e)-332(ev)54(aluated.)]TJ 1.2 -1.245 Td [(In)-417(Figure)-418(1,)-417(the)-418(x-axis)-417(means)-418(the)-417(time,)-418(the)-418(y-axis)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(means)-420(the)-420(request)-420(co)27(v)27(erage's)-419(c)27(hange)-419(with)-420(time)-420(when)]TJ T* [(users)-329(ev)55(aluate)-328(di\256eren)27(t)-329(p)-27(ercen)26(tage)-328(of)-329(the)-329(\257les.)-329(W)82(e)-328(can)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(conclude)-416(from)-417(the)-416(\257gure)-417(that)-417(when)-416(users)-417(only)-416(ev)54(alu-)]TJ T* [(ate)-350(5%)-351(of)-351(the)-351(\257les,)-351(the)-351(request)-351(co)27(v)28(erage)-350(is)-351(small;when)]TJ T* [(users)-467(ev)55(aluate)-467(20%)-467(of)-467(the)-468(\257les,)-467(the)-467(request)-468(co)27(v)28(erage)]TJ T* [(reac)27(hes)-357(50%.)-359(Because)-359(w)27(e)-357(use)-359(a)-359(\257le's)-358(reten)27(tion)-358(time)-359(to)]TJ T* [(collect)-342(implicit)-342(ev)55(aluation,)-341(users)-342(will)-342(ev)55(aluate)-341(100%)-342(of)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(the)-252(\257les)-252(they)-253(ha)27(v)28(e,)-252(resulting)-252(in)-253(the)-252(request)-252(co)26(v)28(erage)-251(b)-28(e-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(ing)-289(ab)-28(o)27(v)28(e)-289(80%.)-289(In)-290(addition,)-289(do)26(wnload)-288(v)27(olume)-289(and)-289(user)]TJ T* [(based)-476(direct)-476(trust)-476(relationships)-476(can)-476(also)-476(increase)-477(re-)]TJ T* [(quest)-380(co)27(v)28(erage.)-380(W)82(e)-379(can)-381(c)27(ho)-27(ose)-380(n)-381(as)-380(1)-381(in)-380(Maze,)-381(whic)27(h)]TJ T* [(means)-432(the)-432(one-step)-432(direct)-433(trust)-432(matrix)-432(is)-432(enough)-433(for)]TJ T* [(Maze.)-377(Ho)27(w)28(ev)28(er,)-377(m)27(ulti-trust)-376(can)-378(b)-27(e)-378(easily)-377(extended)-377(to)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(an)-447(n-step)-447(direct)-447(trust)-447(matrix)-447(to)-448(adapt)-447(to)-447(other)-447(P2P)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(net)27(w)28(orks.)]TJ 1.2 -1.245 Td [(W)83(e)-357(can)-358(also)-357(\257nd)-358(that)-358(the)-357(request)-358(co)27(v)28(erage)-357(will)-358(not)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(c)27(hange)-420(signi\257can)27(tly)-420(with)-421(time.)-421(It)-421(originates)-421(from)-421(the)]TJ T* [(c)27(h)28(urn)-427(of)-427(users)-428(and)-428(\257les)-428(so)-427(w)26(e)-426(only)-428(need)-428(to)-428(store)-427(the)]TJ T* [(ev)55(aluations)-332(within)-334(an)-333(in)27(terv)55(al.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 66.865 152.481 Tm [(3.3.)-804(Iden)30(ti\257cation)-382(of)-383(F)95(ak)32(e)-383(Files)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 78.82 129.82 Tm [(Most)-274(of)-274(the)-274(curren)27(t)-273(reputation)-275(systems)-274(consider)-274(t)27(w)28(o)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(trust)-417(v)54(alues;)-416(one)-418(is)-418(ab)-27(out)-418(a)-418(user's)-417(p)-28(erformance)-418(while)]TJ T* [(the)-281(other)-282(is)-281(ab)-28(out)-282(a)-281(user's)-282(feedbac)27(k)-280(trust)26(w)28(orthiness.)-280(In)]TJ 25.971 63.137 Td [(our)-297(reputation)-298(system,)-297(only)-298(the)-297(one)-298(who)-297(p)-28(erforms)-297(w)26(ell)]TJ T* [(and)-417(giv)27(es)-416(honest)-418(feedbac)27(k)-416(can)-418(get)-417(a)-417(high)-417(reputation,)]TJ T* [(the)-423(reputation)-423(b)-28(et)27(w)28(een)-422(users)-424(can)-423(b)-28(e)-423(used)-423(to)-423(iden)26(tify)]TJ T* [(fak)27(e)-332(\257les)-333(directly)82(.)]TJ 1.2 -1.208 Td (Before)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 3.22 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 376.45 685.551 Tm (i)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 384.005 687.045 Tm [(do)27(wnloads)-424(a)-425(\257le,)-426(he)-425(can)-426(get)-425(some)-425(other)]TJ -5.861 -1.2 Td [(users')-283(ev)55(aluations)-283(of)-283(this)-283(\257le.)-283(He)-284(can)-283(then)-283(calculate)-284(the)]TJ T* [(reputation)-241(of)-241(this)-241(\257le)-242(with)-241(Equation)-241(\(9\),)-242(while)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 19.952 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.033 0 Td (means)Tj -20.985 -1.2 Td [(the)-431(set)-432(of)-432(users)-432(from)-432(whom)-432(he)-432(gets)-432(the)-432(\257le's)-432(ev)55(alua-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(tions.)-306(Then)-306(he)-306(can)-306(judge)-306(whether)-306(to)-306(do)26(wnload)-305(this)-306(\257le)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(b)27(y)-253(the)-255(threshold)-255(set)-254(b)26(y)-253(himself.)-255(More)-255(details)-254(will)-255(b)-28(e)-255(de-)]TJ T* [(scrib)-27(ed)-334(in)-333(the)-333(next)-334(section.)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.523 -2.909 Td (R)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 398.168 584.839 Tm (f)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 406.1 586.334 Tm (=)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 1.176 1.576 Td (P)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 428.328 591.575 Tm (j)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.531 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 445.73 594.564 Tm [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 463.037 593.07 Tm (ij)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 472.267 594.564 Tm (\244)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 0.722 0 Td (E)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 486.817 593.07 Tm [(j)-57(f)]TJ ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 337.447 -156.086 m 415.316 -156.086 l S Q BT /T1_5 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 430.626 586.972 Tm (P)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 441.142 576.511 Tm (j)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0.531 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 458.544 579.5 Tm [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 475.851 578.006 Tm (ij)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 549.135 586.334 Tm (\(9\))Tj 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 554.354 Tm [(3.4.)-804(T)94(rust)-382(Based)-383(Incen)31(tiv)32(e)-383(Mec)31(hanism)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 532.381 Tm [(The)-306(system)-306(features)-307(service)-306(di\256eren)27(tiation)-306(based)-306(on)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(reputation.)-396(It)-397(is)-397(designed)-397(to)-396(giv)26(e)-395(do)26(wnloading)-395(prefer-)]TJ T* [(ence)-272(to)-272(users)-272(with)-272(high)-272(reputations.)-273(These)-272(users)-272(add)-272(to)]TJ T* [(their)-416(request)-416(time)-416(a)-416(negativ)26(e)-415(o\256set)-416(whose)-416(magnitude)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(gro)27(ws)-355(with)-357(their)-357(reputation.)-357(In)-356(con)27(trast,)-356(a)-357(bandwidth)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(quota)-338(is)-338(applied)-338(to)-338(do)26(wnloads)-337(of)-338(users)-338(with)-339(lo)27(w)28(er)-337(rep-)]TJ T* [(utations.)-347(Di\256eren)27(t)-346(from)-347(other)-347(reputation)-348(systems,)-347(up-)]TJ T* [(loading)-239(real)-239(\257les,)-239(v)27(oting)-238(on)-240(\257les)-239(and)-239(ranking)-239(other)-239(users)]TJ T* [(honestly)-483(and)-483(ev)27(en)-483(deleting)-483(fak)27(e)-482(\257les)-484(quic)27(k)28(er)-482(can)-484(in-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(crease)-341(a)-342(user's)-341(reputation)-342(and)-342(giv)27(e)-340(him)-342(b)-28(etter)-341(service.)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(This)-283(reputation)-283(system)-283(do)-28(es)-283(not)-284(only)-283(iden)27(tify)-283(fak)27(e)-282(\257les)]TJ T* [(but)-377(also)-378(prev)27(en)28(ts)-377(users)-378(sharing)-378(fak)27(e)-377(\257les)-377(in)27(ten)27(tionally)]TJ T* [(and)-333(unin)27(ten)28(tionally)83(.)]TJ /T1_8 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 325.615 362.742 Tm [(4.)-787(Implemen)30(tation)-420(in)-422(P2P)-421(File)-422(Sharing)]TJ 1.662 -1.167 Td (Systems)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 326.822 Tm [(In)-494(P2P)-494(net)27(w)27(orks,)-493(the)-494(most)-495(imp)-28(ortan)27(t)-493(problem)-495(is)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(ho)27(w)-351(to)-353(store)-353(and)-353(retriev)27(e)-352(users')-352(ev)54(aluations)-352(of)-352(\257les)-353(ef-)]TJ T* [(fectiv)27(ely)84(.)-282(It)-283(is)-282(easy)-283(implemen)27(ted)-282(with)-282(cen)27(tral)-282(serv)27(ers)-282(so)]TJ T* [(w)27(e)-332(only)-333(discuss)-334(the)-333(situation)-333(without)-334(cen)27(tral)-332(serv)27(ers.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 265.775 Tm [(4.1.)-804(Implemen)30(tation)-382(in)-383(DHT)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 243.803 Tm [(DHT)-481(is)-481(used)-482(in)-481(P2P)-482(net)27(w)28(orks)-481(to)-481(store)-481(index)-482(ob-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(ject)-385(and)-385(other)-385(information.)-385(It)-385(pro)27(vides)-384(a)-385(basic)-385(op)-28(era-)]TJ T* [(tion:)-390(Lo)-28(okup\(k)27(ey)83(,)-390(list)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 9.467 0 Td (<)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf (HostInfo)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 4.533 0 Td (>)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf [(&)-390(Hosts,)-391(in)27(t)-390(n)27(um)-390(=)]TJ -14 -1.2 Td [(1\).)-412(When)-412(a)-413(user)-412(publishes)-412(a)-413(\257le,)-412(he)-412(will)-413(use)-412(DHT)-412(to)]TJ T* [(lo)-27(okup)-331(one)-330(or)-331(more)-330(users)-331(who)-330(are)-331(next)-330(to)-331(the)-331(k)27(ey)-329(and)]TJ T* [(store)-320(this)-320(\257le's)-321(information)-320(in)-321(them.)-320(When)-321(other)-320(users)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(need)-363(this)-364(\257le,)-364(they)-364(can)-364(also)-364(use)-364(lo)-27(okup)-364(to)-364(\257nd)-364(the)-364(in-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(formation)-373(ab)-27(out)-373(this)-374(\257le.)-373(W)83(e)-372(can)-374(store)-373(and)-373(retriev)27(e)-372(a)]TJ T* [(\257le's)-443(ev)55(aluation)-442(in)-443(DHT)-444(in)-443(the)-443(same)-443(w)27(a)27(y)84(,)-442(sho)26(w)28(en)-442(in)]TJ T* [(Figure)-333(2.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k 0.722 -1.841 Td (1.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Publication)-328(of)-328(a)-328(\257le's)-328(ev)55(aluation:)-327(In)-328(DHT,)-329(w)27(e)-327(can)]TJ T* 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82.0449829 514.9100037 cm /FICL:RI_to_be_removed ri /GS0 gs /Fm0 Do Q 0 g 1 i /FICL:RI_to_be_removed ri /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.963 0 0 9.963 90.143 495.035 Tm [(Figure)-238(2.)-238(F)29(ramew)31(o)31(rk)-238(in)-238(DHT)-238(based)-239(overla)30(y)]TJ ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d -13.5 -258.985 m 222.75 -258.985 l S Q BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 86.79 457.615 Tm [(w)27(e)-358(do)-359(not)-358(only)-359(publish)-359(a)-359(\257le's)-359(metadata)-359(to)-359(index)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(p)-27(eer)-296(but)-295(also)-295(this)-296(user's)-295(ev)55(aluation)-295(of)-295(the)-295(\257le.)-296(The)]TJ T* [(message)-438(is)-439(Ev)54(aluationInfo)-437(=)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 13.147 0 Td (<)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf [(FileID,)-438(OwnerID,)]TJ -13.147 -1.2 Td [(Ev)55(aluation,)-332(Signature)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.489 0 Td (>)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf (.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -10.766 -2.222 Td (2.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Up)-27(date)-494(of)-494(a)-494(\257le's)-495(ev)55(aluation:)-493(This)-494(can)-494(b)-28(e)-494(done)]TJ T* [(with)-333(the)-333(regular)-334(republication.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -2.222 Td (3.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Retriev)55(al)-250(of)-250(a)-251(\257le's)-251(ev)55(aluations:)-250(When)-250(a)-251(user)-251(w)27(an)28(ts)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(to)-419(do)27(wnload)-419(a)-420(\257le,)-420(he)-419(\257nds)-420(this)-420(\257le's)-419(index)-420(p)-28(eer)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(\257rst)-237(and)-238(then)-238(retriev)27(es)-237(the)-238(information)-238(of)-237(this)-238(\257le's)]TJ T* [(o)27(wners.)-323(He)-324(will)-324(also)-324(get)-324(an)-324(arra)27(y)-323(of)-324(ev)54(aluation)-323(in-)]TJ T* (formation.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -2.222 Td (4.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Calculation)-280(of)-281(a)-280(user's)-281(reputation:)-280(A)-281(user)-280(can)-281(con-)]TJ T* [(tact)-280(the)-281(user)-280(he)-281(w)27(an)28(ts)-280(to)-280(ev)54(aluate)-279(to)-281(get)-280(his)-281(ev)55(alu-)]TJ T* [(ation)-293(list)-294(and)-294(calculate)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.18 0 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 1.802 0 Td [(,)-293(he)-294(can)-294(then)-293(calculate)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -11.983 -1.2 Td [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.179 0 Td [(with)-333(m)27(ulti-trust.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -3.457 -2.222 Td (5.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Calculation)-398(of)-399(a)-399(\257le's)-399(reputation:)-399(A)-399(user)-399(can)-399(use)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(the)-287(reputations)-287(and)-287(ev)55(aluations)-286(of)-288(the)-287(users)-287(in)-287(the)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(arra)27(y)-269(of)-271(ev)55(aluation)-270(information)-271(to)-270(calculate)-271(a)-270(\257le's)]TJ T* (reputation.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -2.222 Td (6.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Service)-477(di\256eren)27(tiation:)-476(A)-477(user)-478(can)-477(giv)27(e)-477(di\256eren)27(t)]TJ T* [(service)-321(to)-321(users)-322(with)-321(di\256eren)27(t)-321(reputations.)-321(In)-321(Fig-)]TJ T* [(ure)-400(2,)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 2.97 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 123.186 154.173 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 131.645 155.668 Tm [(requests)-400(other)-400(users)-401(to)-400(do)26(wnload)-399(a)-401(\257le)]TJ -4.502 -1.2 Td [(from)-305(them.)-305(Other)-306(users)-305(can)-305(calculate)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 16.435 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 257.33 142.218 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 261.799 143.713 Tm [('s)-305(reputa-)]TJ -17.566 -1.2 Td [(tion)-334(and)-334(giv)27(e)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 6.058 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 153.949 130.263 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 161.748 131.757 Tm [(a)-334(suitable)-334(service)-334(whic)27(h)-334(includes)]TJ -7.524 -1.2 Td [(a)-397(bandwidth)-398(quota)-397(and)-398(the)-397(p)-28(osition)-397(in)-398(the)-398(w)27(ait-)]TJ T* [(ing)-333(queue.)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 734.947 Tm [(4.2.)-804(Securit)30(y)-382(Issues)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 712.78 Tm [(There)-333(are)-333(some)-334(p)-27(ossible)-334(attac)27(ks:)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -0.478 -1.793 Td (1.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(A)-275(user)-275(ma)27(y)-275(forge)-275(or)-275(distort)-276(other)-275(user's)-275(ev)54(aluation)]TJ T* [(in)-404(step)-404(1,)-404(2)-405(and)-404(3:)-404(This)-404(can)-405(b)-27(e)-405(solv)27(ed)-403(b)27(y)-404(digital)]TJ T* (signature.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.656 Td (2.)Tj 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf 1.278 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 352.343 653.012 Tm (5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 360.783 654.506 Tm [(ma)27(y)-397(remo)26(v)28(e)-397(or)-399(do)-28(es)-399(not)-398(answ)27(er)-398(an)27(y)-398(query)-399(in)]TJ -1.53 -1.2 Td [(step)-346(3:)-347(This)-346(is)-347(analyzed)-347(in)-346([14])-347(and)-347(it)-346(is)-347(generally)]TJ T* [(treated)-292(as)-292(a)-292(problem)-293(of)-292(routing)-292(securit)27(y)-291(and)-293(is)-292(b)-28(e-)]TJ T* [(y)27(ond)-332(the)-333(scop)-28(e)-334(of)-333(this)-333(pap)-28(er.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.656 Td (3.)Tj 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf 1.278 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 352.343 600.648 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 360.368 602.143 Tm [(ma)27(y)-356(forge)-357(his)-357(\257les')-357(ev)55(aluations)-356(as)-357(the)-357(same)-357(as)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -1.488 -1.2 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 352.343 588.693 Tm (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 361.064 590.188 Tm [(to)-426(get)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 3.076 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 398.509 588.693 Tm (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 402.979 590.188 Tm [('s)-426(trust)-427(in)-427(step)-427(6:)-426(G.)-427(Sw)27(am)27(ynathan)]TJ -5.765 -1.2 Td [(et)-377(al.)-378([14])-378(suggested)-377(a)-378(virtual)-378(user)-378(examine)-377(other)]TJ T* [(users')-303(ev)54(aluations)-303(randomly)83(.)-303(If)-304(there)-304(are)-304(great)-304(dif-)]TJ T* [(ferences)-360(b)-27(et)26(w)28(een)-359(t)27(w)28(o)-360(examinations,)-360(it)-360(means)-360(this)]TJ T* [(user)-401(has)-401(forged)-401(his)-401(ev)55(aluations)-400(and)-401(he)-401(should)-401(b)-28(e)]TJ T* (punished.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.656 Td (4.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Some)-347(users)-348(ma)27(y)-346(collab)-28(orate)-348(to)-347(increase)-348(their)-348(rep-)]TJ T* [(utation:)-333(This)-333(w)27(as)-333(analyzed)-333(in)-333([13].)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 476.225 Tm [(4.3.)-804(Other)-384(Issues)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 454.058 Tm [(In)-307(a)-308(real)-308(P2P)-307(net)26(w)28(ork,)-307(users)-307(ma)26(y)-306(join)-308(and)-308(lea)27(v)28(e)-307(the)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(system)-447(frequen)26(tly)-447(and)-448(c)27(h)28(urn)-447(ma)27(y)-447(a\256ect)-448(data's)-448(a)27(v)55(ail-)]TJ T* [(abilit)27(y)84(.)-353(As)-354(w)27(e)-353(ha)27(v)28(e)-353(describ)-28(ed,)-354(a)-353(\257le's)-354(ev)54(aluation)-352(infor-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(mation)-375(can)-375(b)-28(e)-375(stored)-375(and)-376(published)-375(with)-375(index)-376(infor-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(mation)-384(so)-385(the)-385(designer)-385(only)-385(needs)-385(to)-384(consider)-385(ho)27(w)-384(to)]TJ T* [(optimize)-239(the)-240(publication)-239(of)-240(index)-240(information.)-239(This)-240(will)]TJ T* [(not)-415(increase)-416(the)-416(complexit)26(y)-414(of)-416(the)-416(system.)-416(There)-416(are)]TJ T* [(man)27(y)-465(tec)27(hniques)-465(to)-467(reduce)-466(the)-466(e\256ect)-467(of)-466(c)27(h)28(urn.)-466(T)83(ak)28(e)]TJ T* [(eMule)-368(for)-368(example,)-368(a)-368(user)-368(will)-368(publish)-368(index)-368(informa-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(tion)-333(to)-333(m)27(ulti-users)-333(regularly)83(.)]TJ 1.2 -1.219 Td [(In)-402(addition,)-403(the)-403(system)-402(will)-403(not)-403(need)-403(more)-402(lo)-28(okup)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(messages)-436(when)-437(a)-437(user)-437(publishes)-436(and)-437(retriev)27(es)-436(a)-437(\257le's)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(ev)55(aluation)-325(with)-326(this)-326(\257le's)-327(index)-326(information,)-326(though)-326(it)]TJ T* [(will)-333(increase)-333(the)-334(size)-333(of)-333(the)-334(information)-333(sligh)27(tly)83(.)]TJ 1.2 -1.219 Td [(In)-359(a)-359(real)-359(P2P)-359(\257le)-359(sharing)-359(system,)-359(most)-360(of)-359(the)-359(mes-)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(sages)-343(are)-344(publication)-344(information)-344(while)-344(searc)26(h)-343(and)-344(re-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(quest)-374(messages)-375(only)-375(o)-28(ccup)27(y)-374(a)-375(small)-375(prop)-28(ortion.)-375(Ho)27(w-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(ev)27(er,)-331(if)-333(a)-333(user)-332(has)-333(ev)55(aluated)-332(a)-332(lot)-333(of)-333(\257les,)-332(he)-333(ma)27(y)-332(send)]TJ T* [(more)-487(messages)-488(when)-488(he)-488(exc)27(hanges)-487(\257les')-488(ev)54(aluations.)]TJ T* [(Most)-339(\257les')-339(n)26(um)28(b)-27(ers)-339(of)-340(o)27(wners)-338(are)-340(small)-339(and)-340(most)-339(\257les)]TJ T* [(ha)27(v)28(e)-257(a)-258(small)-257(life)-258(cycle)-258(whic)27(h)-257(is)-258(also)-258(sho)27(wn)-257(in)-258(1.)-258(So)-258(users)]TJ T* [(only)-368(need)-368(to)-368(preserv)27(e)-367(the)-368(ev)55(aluations)-367(within)-368(an)-368(in)27(ter-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(v)55(al)-332(when)-334(they)-333(ha)27(v)28(e)-333(ev)55(aluated)-332(so)-334(man)27(y)-332(\257les.)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 325.615 163.942 Tm [(5.)-787(Conclusion)-375(and)-375(F)93(uture)-374(W)93(orks)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 141.775 Tm [(A)-567(m)26(ulti-dimensional)-567(reputation)-568(system)-568(com)27(bined)]TJ -1.2 -1.2 Td [(with)-353(trust)-353(and)-353(incen)27(tiv)28(e)-352(mec)26(hanisms)-352(in)-353(P2P)-353(\257le)-353(shar-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(ing)-390(systems)-391(is)-391(prop)-27(osed.)-391(It)-391(can)-391(not)-390(only)-391(iden)27(tify)-390(fak)27(e)]TJ T* [(\257les)-346(but)-347(also)-347(encourage)-347(users)-347(to)-347(upload)-347(real)-347(\257les,)-346(v)26(ote)]TJ ET endstream endobj 155 0 obj<>stream q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 1 i 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d /GS0 gs -13.5 -3.188 m 222.75 -3.188 l S Q q 0.3595734 0 0 0.3595734 82.0449829 514.9100037 cm /GS0 gs /Fm0 Do Q 0 g 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.963 0 0 9.963 90.143 495.035 Tm [(Figure)-238(2.)-238(F)29(ramew)31(o)31(rk)-238(in)-238(DHT)-238(based)-239(overla)30(y)]TJ ET q 1 0 0 1 80.3649902 744.9100037 cm 0 G 0.398 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d -13.5 -258.985 m 222.75 -258.985 l S Q BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 86.79 457.615 Tm [(w)27(e)-358(do)-359(not)-358(only)-359(publish)-359(a)-359(\257le's)-359(metadata)-359(to)-359(index)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(p)-27(eer)-296(but)-295(also)-295(this)-296(user's)-295(ev)55(aluation)-295(of)-295(the)-295(\257le.)-296(The)]TJ T* [(message)-438(is)-439(Ev)54(aluationInfo)-437(=)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 13.147 0 Td (<)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf [(FileID,)-438(OwnerID,)]TJ -13.147 -1.2 Td [(Ev)55(aluation,)-332(Signature)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.489 0 Td (>)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf (.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -10.766 -2.222 Td (2.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Up)-27(date)-494(of)-494(a)-494(\257le's)-495(ev)55(aluation:)-493(This)-494(can)-494(b)-28(e)-494(done)]TJ T* [(with)-333(the)-333(regular)-334(republication.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -2.222 Td (3.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Retriev)55(al)-250(of)-250(a)-251(\257le's)-251(ev)55(aluations:)-250(When)-250(a)-251(user)-251(w)27(an)28(ts)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(to)-419(do)27(wnload)-419(a)-420(\257le,)-420(he)-419(\257nds)-420(this)-420(\257le's)-419(index)-420(p)-28(eer)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(\257rst)-237(and)-238(then)-238(retriev)27(es)-237(the)-238(information)-238(of)-237(this)-238(\257le's)]TJ T* [(o)27(wners.)-323(He)-324(will)-324(also)-324(get)-324(an)-324(arra)27(y)-323(of)-324(ev)54(aluation)-323(in-)]TJ T* (formation.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -2.222 Td (4.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Calculation)-280(of)-281(a)-280(user's)-281(reputation:)-280(A)-281(user)-280(can)-281(con-)]TJ T* [(tact)-280(the)-281(user)-280(he)-281(w)27(an)28(ts)-280(to)-280(ev)54(aluate)-279(to)-281(get)-280(his)-281(ev)55(alu-)]TJ T* [(ation)-293(list)-294(and)-294(calculate)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.18 0 Td [(T)-138(M)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 1.802 0 Td [(,)-293(he)-294(can)-294(then)-293(calculate)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -11.983 -1.2 Td [(R)-7(M)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.179 0 Td [(with)-333(m)27(ulti-trust.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -3.457 -2.222 Td (5.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Calculation)-398(of)-399(a)-399(\257le's)-399(reputation:)-399(A)-399(user)-399(can)-399(use)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(the)-287(reputations)-287(and)-287(ev)55(aluations)-286(of)-288(the)-287(users)-287(in)-287(the)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(arra)27(y)-269(of)-271(ev)55(aluation)-270(information)-271(to)-270(calculate)-271(a)-270(\257le's)]TJ T* (reputation.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -2.222 Td (6.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(Service)-477(di\256eren)27(tiation:)-476(A)-477(user)-478(can)-477(giv)27(e)-477(di\256eren)27(t)]TJ T* [(service)-321(to)-321(users)-322(with)-321(di\256eren)27(t)-321(reputations.)-321(In)-321(Fig-)]TJ T* [(ure)-400(2,)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 2.97 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 123.186 154.173 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 131.645 155.668 Tm [(requests)-400(other)-400(users)-401(to)-400(do)26(wnload)-399(a)-401(\257le)]TJ -4.502 -1.2 Td [(from)-305(them.)-305(Other)-306(users)-305(can)-305(calculate)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 16.435 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 257.33 142.218 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 261.799 143.713 Tm [('s)-305(reputa-)]TJ -17.566 -1.2 Td [(tion)-334(and)-334(giv)27(e)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 6.058 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 153.949 130.263 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 161.748 131.757 Tm [(a)-334(suitable)-334(service)-334(whic)27(h)-334(includes)]TJ -7.524 -1.2 Td [(a)-397(bandwidth)-398(quota)-397(and)-398(the)-397(p)-28(osition)-397(in)-398(the)-398(w)27(ait-)]TJ T* [(ing)-333(queue.)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 10.909 0 0 10.909 325.615 734.947 Tm [(4.2.)-804(Securit)30(y)-382(Issues)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 337.57 712.78 Tm [(There)-333(are)-333(some)-334(p)-27(ossible)-334(attac)27(ks:)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -0.478 -1.793 Td (1.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td [(A)-275(user)-275(ma)27(y)-275(forge)-275(or)-275(distort)-276(other)-275(user's)-275(ev)54(aluation)]TJ T* [(in)-404(step)-404(1,)-404(2)-405(and)-404(3:)-404(This)-404(can)-405(b)-27(e)-405(solv)27(ed)-403(b)27(y)-404(digital)]TJ T* (signature.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.656 Td (2.)Tj 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf 1.278 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 352.343 653.012 Tm (5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 360.783 654.506 Tm [(ma)27(y)-397(remo)26(v)28(e)-397(or)-399(do)-28(es)-399(not)-398(answ)27(er)-398(an)27(y)-398(query)-399(in)]TJ -1.53 -1.2 Td [(step)-346(3:)-347(This)-346(is)-347(analyzed)-347(in)-346([14])-347(and)-347(it)-346(is)-347(generally)]TJ T* [(treated)-292(as)-292(a)-292(problem)-293(of)-292(routing)-292(securit)27(y)-291(and)-293(is)-292(b)-28(e-)]TJ T* [(y)27(ond)-332(the)-333(scop)-28(e)-334(of)-333(this)-333(pap)-28(er.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.656 Td (3.)Tj 0 g /T1_2 1 Tf 1.278 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 352.343 600.648 Tm (4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 360.368 602.143 Tm [(ma)27(y)-356(forge)-357(his)-357(\257les')-357(ev)55(aluations)-356(as)-357(the)-357(same)-357(as)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -1.488 -1.2 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 352.343 588.693 Tm (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 361.064 590.188 Tm [(to)-426(get)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 3.076 0 Td (U)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 398.509 588.693 Tm (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 402.979 590.188 Tm [('s)-426(trust)-427(in)-427(step)-427(6:)-426(G.)-427(Sw)27(am)27(ynathan)]TJ -5.765 -1.2 Td [(et)-377(al.)-378([14])-378(suggested)-377(a)-378(virtual)-378(user)-378(examine)-377(other)]TJ T* [(users')-303(ev)54(aluations)-303(randomly)83(.)-303(If)-304(there)-304(are)-304(great)-304(dif-)]TJ T* [(ferences)-360(b)-27(et)26(w)28(een)-359(t)27(w)28(o)-360(examinations,)-360(it)-360(means)-360(this)]TJ T* [(user)-401(has)-401(forged)-401(his)-401(ev)55(aluations)-400(and)-401(he)-401(should)-401(b)-28(e)]TJ T* (punished.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.278 -1.656 Td (4.)Tj 0 g 1.278 0 Td 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[(Y)85(ork:)-222(Basic)-222(Bo)-29(oks,)-222(1984.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([2])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(S.)-260(D.)-261(Kam)28(v)57(ar,)-260(M.)-260(T.)-261(Sc)28(hlosser)-260(and)-261(H.)-260(Garcia-Molina,)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [("The)-319(EigenT)85(rust)-319(Algorithm)-319(for)-319(Reputation)-320(Manage-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(men)28(t)-161(in)-162(P2P)-161(Net)27(w)29(orks")-161(In)-162(Pro)-28(ceedings)-162(of)-162(WWW,)-162(Ma)28(y)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD (2003)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([3])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(Q.)-179(F)85(eng,)-179(Y.)-180(Dai,)-179(LIP:)-180(A)-179(Lifetime)-180(and)-180(P)28(opularit)29(y)-179(Based)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(Ranking)-214(Approac)28(h)-213(to)-215(Filter)-214(out)-214(F)85(ak)28(e)-213(Files)-214(in)-214(P2P)-215(File)]TJ T* [(Sharing)-259(Systems,)-260(In)-259(Pro)-29(c.)-259(of)-260(IPTPS,)-259(Bellevue,)-260(W)85(ash-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ington,)-222(2007.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([4])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(J.)-301(Liang,)-301(R.)-301(Kumar,)-301(Y.)-301(Xi,)-301(and)-301(K.)-301(Ross,)-301(P)27(ollution)-300(in)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(P2P)-299(\257le)-300(sharing)-299(systems,)-300(Pro)-29(c.)-299(IEEE)-300(INF)28(OCOM'05,)]TJ T* [(Miami,)-222(FL,)-223(2005.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([5])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(K.)-430(W)85(alsh)-430(and)-430(E.)-431(G.)-430(Sirer,)-430(Exp)-29(erience)-430(with)-431(an)-430(Ob-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ject)-323(Reputation)-323(System)-323(for)-323(P)27(eer-to-P)29(eer)-322(Filesharing,)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(USENIX)-222(NSDI,)-223(2006.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([6])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(B.)-459(Cohen,)-459("Incen)28(tiv)28(es)-458(Build)-459(Robustness)-459(in)-459(BitT)84(or-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ren)28(t,")-222(In)-222(Pro)-29(c.)-223(of)-222(P2P-Econ,)-223(June)-223(2003.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([7])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(Y.)-520(Kulbak,)-520(and)-521(D.)-520(Bic)27(kson,)-519("The)-521(eMule)-520(Proto)-29(col)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(Sp)-28(ecication",)-223(eMule)-222(pro)-58(ject,)-222(h)27(ttp://sourceforge.net)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([8])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(S.)-226(Brin,)-227(L.)-226(P)27(age,)-225("The)-227(anatom)28(y)-226(of)-226(a)-227(large-scale)-226(h)27(yp)-27(er-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(textual)-254(W)84(eb)-254(searc)28(h)-254(engine,")-255(In)-255(Pro)-29(c.)-255(of)-254(WWW,)-255(April)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD (1998.)Tj 0 0 0 1 k -1.64 -1.531 Td ([9])Tj 0 g 1.64 0 Td [(F.)-368(Cornelli,)-368(E.)-367(Damiani)-368(and)-368(S.)-368(De)-368(Capitani,)-368(Cho)-29(os-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ing)-206(Reputable)-207(Serv)28(en)28(ts)-205(in)-207(a)-207(P2P)-206(Net)27(w)29(ork,)-206(In)-206(Pro)-29(ceed-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ings)-231(of)-232(the)-232(11th)-232(W)84(orld)-231(Wide)-232(W)85(eb)-231(Conference,)-232(Ha)28(w)28(aii,)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(USA,)-222(2002.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -2.154 -1.531 Td ([10])Tj 0 g 2.154 0 Td [(E.)-433(Damiani,)-434(S.)-434(P)27(arab)-27(osc)27(hi,)-432(P)84(.)-433(Samarati)-433(and)-434(F.)-434(Vi-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(olan)28(te,)-316(A)-317(reputation-based)-317(approac)27(h)-316(for)-317(c)28(ho)-28(osing)-317(re-)]TJ T* [(liable)-236(resources)-237(in)-237(p)-29(eer-to-p)-28(eer)-237(net)27(w)29(orks,)-236(Pro)-29(ceedings)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(of)-239(the)-240(9th)-240(A)28(CM)-239(conference)-240(on)-240(Computer)-240(and)-239(comm)27(u-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(nications)-222(securit)27(y)86(,)-222(2002,)-222(pp.)-223(207-216.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -2.154 -1.531 Td ([11])Tj 0 g 2.154 0 Td [(L.)-162(Xiong)-163(and)-162(L.)-163(Liu,)-162(P)27(eertrust:)-162(Supp)-28(orting)-163(reputation-)]TJ T* [(based)-401(trust)-401(for)-402(p)-28(eer-to-p)-29(eer)-401(electronic)-402(comm)28(unities,)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(IEEE)-210(T)84(ransactions)-210(on)-211(Kno)28(wledge)-210(and)-211(Data)-211(Engineer-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ing,)-222(16)-223(\(2004\),)-223(pp.)-222(843-857.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -2.154 -1.531 Td ([12])Tj 0 g 2.154 0 Td [(M.)-156(Sriv)56(atsa,)-156(L.)-157(Xiong)-157(and)-157(L.)-156(Liu,)-157(T)84(rustGuard:)-155(coun)27(ter-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ing)-342(vulnerabilities)-342(in)-342(reputation)-342(managemen)28(t)-341(for)-342(de-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(cen)28(tralized)-280(o)27(v)29(erla)28(y)-280(net)28(w)28(orks,)-280(Pro)-28(ceedings)-282(of)-281(the)-281(14th)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(in)28(ternational)-304(conference)-305(on)-305(W)85(orld)-304(Wide)-305(W)84(eb)-304(\(2005\),)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(pp.)-222(422-431.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -2.154 -1.531 Td ([13])Tj 0 g 2.154 0 Td [(Q.)-180(Lian,)-181(Z.)-181(Zhang,)-180(M.)-181(Y)85(ang,)-180(B.)-181(Y.)-180(Zhao,)-181(Y.)-181(Dai,)-180(and)-181(X.)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(Li,)-276("An)-277(Empirical)-277(Study)-276(of)-277(Collusion)-277(Beha)28(vior)-276(in)-277(the)]TJ T* [(Maze)-311(P2P)-311(File-Sharing)-311(System".)-312(Microsoft)-311(Researc)27(h)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(T)85(ec)29(hnical)-222(Rep)-29(ort,)-222(MSR-TR-2006-14,)-223(2006.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k 26.705 70.158 Td ([14])Tj 0 g 2.154 0 Td [(G.)-785(Sw)27(am)29(ynathan,)-785(Ben)-786(Y.)-785(Zhao)-786(and)-786(Kevin)-785(C.)]TJ T* [(Almeroth,)-237(Exploring)-238(the)-237(F)85(easibilit)28(y)-236(of)-238(Proactiv)28(e)-237(Rep-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(utations.)-261(of)-260(IPTPS,)-261(San)27(ta)-260(Barbara,)-261(CA,)-261(USA.)-261(F)85(ebru-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(ary)-222(2006.)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k -2.154 -1.333 Td ([15])Tj 0 g 2.154 0 Td [(M.)-265(Y)84(ang,)-265(H.)-265(Chen,)-266(B.)-266(Y.)-266(Zhao,)-266(Y.)-266(Dai,)-266(and)-265(Z.)-266(Zhang,)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [("Deplo)28(ymen)29(t)-189(of)-190(a)-190(Large-scale)-189(P)27(eer-to-P)29(eer)-189(So)-28(cial)-190(Net-)]TJ 0 -1.222 TD [(w)28(ork,")-357(In)-358(Pro-ceedings)-358(of)-359(W)28(ORLDS,)-357(San)-358(F)84(rancisco,)]TJ T* [(CA,)-222(Dec.)-223(2004.)]TJ ET endstream endobj 169 0 obj<> endobj 170 0 obj<> endobj 171 0 obj<>stream 2007-02-23T17:27:47Z TeX output 2007.02.23:1727 2007-05-25T13:46:35-07:00 2007-05-25T13:46:35-07:00 DVIPDFMx (20031116), Copyright © 2002 by Jin-Hwan Cho and Shunsaku Hirata, Copyright © 1998, 1999 by Mark A. 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Wicks application/pdf A Multi-dimensional Reputation System Combined with Trust and Incentive Mechanisms in P2P File Sharing Systems Mao Yang Qinyuan Feng Yafei Dai Zheng Zhang uuid:e36aee0e-9658-4129-bf68-86f179c05554 uuid:244d6e9e-bf25-4093-9477-9ebe0ec3f114 endstream endobj xref 1 2 0000576601 00000 n 0000576967 00000 n 172 2 0000577096 00000 n 0000577481 00000 n trailer <<536EC7B458A5234C852AC5BAAC6B6C6E>]/Prev 574462 >> startxref 581465 %%EOF