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[(day)-316(each\))-315(g)5(aps)-315(pe)-1(r)-315(year)-315(in)-316(the)-315(stub)-316(area)-315(trace,)-332(and)-316(approximately)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(one)-344(such)-344(g)5(ap)-344(per)-344(year)-344(in)-344(the)-344(backbone)-344(a)-1(rea)-344(trace.)-592(The)-344(stub)-344(area)]TJ T*[(trace)-363(also)-364(e)15(xperienced)-363(about)-363(four)-363(lar)17(ger)-363(g)5(aps)-363(\(roughly)-363(one)-364(week)]TJ T*[(each\))-250(o)15(v)15(er)-250(its)-250(entirety)65(.)]TJ 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-348(adv)15(ertises)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.0704 0 Td (links)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.889 0 Td [(,)-373(which)-348(may)-348(represent)-349(either)-348(a)-348(pre\002x)-348(di-)]TJ -9.9595 -1.1666 Td [(rectly)-360(adv)14(ertised)-360(by)-360(a)-361(router)40(,)-388(a)-360(ph)5(ysical)-361(connection)-360(between)-361(tw)10(o)]TJ T*[(routers)-263(\(point-to-point)-262(or)-263(shared)-262(media\),)-266(or)-263(pre\002x)15(es)-262(being)-263(summa-)]TJ T*[(rized)-319(into)-320(this)-319(area)-320(from)-319(a)-319(neighboring)-320(area.)-518(T)80(able)-319(1)-320(summarizes)]TJ T*[(the)-250(characteristics)-250(of)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(e)15(xtracted)-250(f)-1(rom)-250(the)-250(OSPF)-250(data.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 53.798 341.065 Tm [(7.2)-1000(Ov)10(erhead)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 62.765 328.113 Tm [(W)80(e)-296(e)15(xam)-1(ine)-296(tw)10(o)-296(type)-1(s)-296(of)-296(o)15(v)15(erh)-1(ead)-296(incurred)-297(by)-296(netw)10(ork)-297(e)15(xcep-)]TJ -1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(tion)-249(handlers.)-309(First,)-249(the)-249(total)-248(traf)25(\002c)-249(required)-249(to)-248(distrib)20(ute)-249(the)-249(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(ogy)-285(across)-285(the)-284(netw)10(ork.)-414(Secon)-1(d,)-293(the)-285(amount)-284(of)-285(traf)25(\002c)-285(incurred)-285(by)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(distrib)20(uting)-363(the)-364(metrics)-363(the)-363(top)-1(ology)-363(is)-363(annotated)-364(with,)-391(e.g.,)-364(link)]TJ T*[(load)-250(or)-250(link)-250(cost.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(Li)10(v)10(e)-290(topology)-290(distrib)20(ution.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 11.8328 0 Td [(There)-290(are)-290(three)-290(components)-290(to)-290(the)]TJ -12.8329 -1.1667 Td [(o)15(v)15(erhead)-300(of)-300(distrib)20(uting)-301(the)-300(li)25(v)15(e)-300(netw)10(ork)-300(topology:)-410(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 21.3875 0 Td (i)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.278 0 Td [(\))-300(the)-300(recei)25(v)15(e)]TJ -21.6655 -1.1666 Td [(bandwidth)-226(at)-226(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.4545 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5822 0 Td [(designated)-226(to)-226(g)5(ather)-226(the)-227(topology)-226(of)-226(its)-226(area;)]TJ -9.0367 -1.1667 Td (\()Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.333 0 Td (ii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.556 0 Td [(\))-392(the)-392(tran)-1(smit)-392(bandwidth)-392(at)-392(each)-393(such)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 16.1879 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.748 0 Td [(to)-392(transmit)-393(its)-392(area)]TJ -18.825 -1.1667 Td [(topology)-283(to)-284(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.2389 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.356 0 Td [(s;)-300(and)-283(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.0271 0 Td (iii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.834 0 Td [(\))-283(the)-283(r)-1(ecei)25(v)15(e)-283(bandwidth)-283(at)-283(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 12.8776 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf -25.3337 -1.1667 Td [(required)-250(to)-250(recei)25(v)15(e)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(of)-250(all)-250(area)-1(s.)]TJ 1 -1.1666 Td [(The)-246(\002rst)-246(component)-246(is)-245(v)15(ery)-246(small,)-247(with)-246(median)-245(v)25(alues)-246(of)-246(71)-167(Bps)]TJ -1 -1.4305 Td [(and)-266(70)-167(Bps)-265(for)-266(our)-266(core)-266(and)-266(stub)-265(area)-1(s)-265(respecti)25(v)15(ely)65(.)-358(Ev)15(en)-266(the)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 24.8064 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0279 0.4248 Td (th)Tj -25.8342 -1.5916 Td [(percentiles)-431(for)-432(each)-431(are)-432(only)-431(1.5)-167(kBps)-431(\(backbone\))-432(and)-431(1.6)-167(kBps)]TJ T*[(\(stub\).)-742(This)-393(is)-394(a)-394(ne)15(gligible)-394(o)15(v)15(erhead)-394(for)-394(a)-394(serv)15(er)20(-class)-394(machine)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(to)-250(collect.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-292(second)-292(component)-292(is)-292(similarly)-292(ne)15(glig)-1(ible)-292(since)-292(most)-292(of)-292(the)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-231(traf)25(\002c)-232(does)-231(not)-232(actually)-231(report)-232(an)15(y)-231(changes)-231(to)-232(the)-231(area)-232(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(ogy)65(,)-304(being)-293(simp)-1(ly)-293(HELLO)-293(pack)10(ets)-293(and)-294(refreshes)-293(of)-293(e)15(xisting)-294(state.)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(Only)-292(topology-chan)-1(ging)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 10.1398 0 Td [(e)15(vents)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.484 0 Td [(,)-303(i.e.,)-292(addition)-292(of)-293(ne)25(w)-292(links,)-303(f)10(ailure)]TJ -12.6239 -1.1667 Td [(or)-270(reco)15(v)14(ery)-270(of)-270(e)15(xisting)-271(links,)-275(or)-271(link)-270(weight)-271(modi\002cations,)-275(need)-271(to)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(be)-339(redistrib)20(uted.)-578(Examining)-340(e)25(v)15(ents)-339(at)-340(the)-339(granularity)-339(of)-340(seconds,)]TJ T*[(we)-313(see)-314(that)-313(only)-313(0.002%)-314(of)-313(the)-313(total)-314(second-interv)25(als)-313(for)-313(the)-314(stub)]TJ T*[(area,)-427(and)-392(only)-392(0.000007%)-392(of)-391(seco)-1(nd-interv)25(als)-391(for)-392(the)-392(core)-392(area,)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(contain)-324(e)25(v)15(en)-325(a)-324(single)-324(e)25(v)15(ent.)-533(The)-325(b)20(urstiness)-324(is)-324(similarly)-325(lo)25(w)65(,)-343(with)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 313.425 737.803 cm 0.398 w 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -258.515 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -479.288 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 726.422 Tm [(SiteNames)-250(=)-250([\223Cambridge\224];)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(Threshold)-250(=)-250(100MB;)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(boolean)-250(Exception\(Netw)15(orkState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 656.519 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 39.529 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -656.519 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 690.556 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 671.722 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 15.272 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -671.722 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 681.59 Tm (siteLoad)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.6951 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -4.7871 -1.125 Td (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (siteLoad)Tj /F74 1 Tf 3.695 0 Td (>)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0764 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.994 0 Td (true)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 671.722 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -671.722 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 661.736 Tm [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.9941 0 Td (false)Tj /F56 1 Tf -4.7772 -1.4685 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(F)40(ire)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(HostState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 617.82 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 10.716 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -617.82 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 623.132 Tm [(Re)15(gister\(Handler\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf -1.7831 -1.4804 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(Handler)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(Hoststate\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 491.849 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 98.076 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -491.849 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 584.434 Tm [(if)-250(not)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.5 0 Td (Exception\(NetworkState\))Tj /F56 1 Tf 10.3041 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 573.343 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 7.528 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -573.343 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 575.467 Tm [(Remo)15(v)15(eAllRestrictions\(\);)-250(DeRe)15(gister\(Handler\);)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 19.4521 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 573.343 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -573.343 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 562.914 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 499.022 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 60.33 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -499.022 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 553.948 Tm [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.1021 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ -7.1941 -1.125 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.18 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td (/)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.5281 0 Td [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -8.0691 -1.1251 Td [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (app)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.7499 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0841 0 Td [(Hoststate)15(.Apps)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 6.263 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 358.805 503.007 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 29.533 l S 1 0 0 1 -358.805 -503.007 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 368.411 527.049 Tm (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (app.isLowPriority)Tj /F56 1 Tf 7.557 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 373.016 506.992 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 16.494 l S 1 0 0 1 -373.016 -506.992 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 382.623 518.083 Tm (bwCap)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.0839 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(app.UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.3241 0 Td (*)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.7501 0 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf -13.25 -1.1251 Td [(SetRestriction\(app,)-250(maxBandwidth)-250(=)-250(bwCap\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 373.414 506.992 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -499.022 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 485.361 Tm (end)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 558.904 479.288 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -245.479 -0.398 cm 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -478.89 cm BT 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 470.719 Tm [(Figur)18(e)-373(8:)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 357.856 470.719 Tm [(Netw)10(ork)-373(e)15(xception)-373(handler)-374(to)-373(smooth)-373(upstream)-373(traf)25(\002c)-374(by)]TJ -5.1498 -1.125 Td [(rate-limiting)-395(lo)25(w)-394(priority)-395(applications)-394(at)-395(b)20(usy)-394(periods.)-744(The)-394(threshold)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(may)-250(be)-250(speci\002ed)-250(by)-250(historical)-250(data.)]TJ 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 423.401 Tm (the)Tj /F31 1 Tf 1.4138 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0278 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2855 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0278 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.0003 -0.4248 Td [(percentiles)-192(at)-192(just)-191(10)-192(e)25(v)15(ents)-192(for)-192(both)-191(are)-1(as,)-203(and)-192(the)-191(ma)-1(x-)]TJ -4.7552 -1.1667 Td [(imum)-285(number)-285(of)-285(e)25(v)14(ents)-285(observ)15(ed)-285(in)-285(an)15(y)-285(single)-285(second)-286(standing)-285(at)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(just)-203(91)-1(.)-294(Assuming)-204(e)25(v)15(ents)-203(can)-204(be)-203(described)-204(in)-203(25)-167(bytes)-203(with)-204(40)-167(bytes)]TJ T*[(o)15(v)15(erhead)-328(for)-328(TCP/IP)-327(headers,)-347(this)-328(corresponds)-328(to)-328(a)-327(w)10(orst)-328(case)-328(of)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(around)-302(2.5)-167(kBps,)-315(and)-303(only)-302(700)-302(seconds)-303(o)15(v)15(er)-302(the)-302(three)-302(year)-303(period)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(ould)-315(require)-315(more)-314(than)-315(1.5)-167(kBps,)-331(i.e.,)-315(more)-314(than)-315(a)-315(single)-315(pack)10(et)]TJ T*[(per)-250(second.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-402(third)-403(component)-402(is)-402(less)-402(ne)15(gligible)-403(b)20(ut)-402(is)-402(still)-402(v)15(ery)-403(small.)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(In)-392(our)-392(lar)18(ge)-392(enterprise)-392(netw)10(ork,)-428(there)-392(are)-392(approximately)-392(62)-392(dis-)]TJ T*[(tinct)-388(OSPF)-388(areas)-387(and)-388(92)-388(separate)-388(Acti)25(v)15(e)-388(Directory)-388(domain)-388(con-)]TJ T*[(trollers.)-326(Assuming)-256(that)-255(topology)-256(distrib)20(ution)-255(w)10(as)-256(carried)-255(out)-256(using)]TJ T*[(some)-268(ef)25(\002cient)-268(mechanism)-268(such)-268(as)-268(nati)25(v)15(e)-268(IP)-268(multicast)-268(or)-268(a)-268(suitably)]TJ T*[(con\002gured)-280(application)-280(o)15(v)15(erlay)65(,)-288(this)-280(corresponds)-280(to)-280(a)-280(w)10(orst)-280(case)-280(of)]TJ 0 -1.4304 TD [(155)-167(kBps)-326(being)-326(deli)25(v)15(ered)-326(to)-326(92)-326(recei)25(v)15(ers,)-345(and)-326(a)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 19.7379 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0279 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2854 0 Td (9)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.5139 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.1595 -0.4248 Td (percentile)Tj -22.7246 -1.1667 Td [(of)-250(4)-167(kBps.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1 -1.1667 Td [(P)20(er)37(-link)-190(annotations.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 9.1743 0 Td [(Distrib)20(uting)-190(link-related)-190(information)-190(such)]TJ -10.1743 -1.1666 Td [(as)-291(cost)-291(and)-291(load)-290(requires)-291(a)-291(higher)-291(o)15(v)15(erhead)-291(compared)-291(to)-291(the)-291(o)15(v)15(er)20(-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(head)-252(of)-253(distrib)20(uting)-252(the)-252(topology)65(,)-253(b)20(ut)-252(o)15(v)14(erall)-252(is)-252(still)-252(not)-253(signi\002cant.)]TJ T*[(F)15(or)-263(e)15(xample,)-266(assume)-263(that)-263(up)-263(to)-263(\002fteen)-263(4)-1(-byte)-263(counters)-263(per)-263(link)-263(are)]TJ T*[(distrib)20(uted)-218(to)-217(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.521 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5736 0 Td [(e)25(v)15(ery)-218(5)-217(minutes,)-225(using)-217(a)-218(similar)-217(IP)-218(multicast)]TJ -9.0946 -1.1667 Td [(or)-364(ap)-1(plication)-364(o)15(v)15(erlay)-365(mechanism.)-653(This)-365(corresponds)-364(to)-365(approxi-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(mately)-242(100)-167(bytes)-242(per)-242(link)-242(e)25(v)15(ery)-242(5)-241(minu)-1(tes.)-307(Ev)15(en)-242(in)-242(a)-242(lar)18(ge)-242(netw)10(ork)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(with)-275(10,000)-275(lin)-1(ks)-275(this)-275(is)-275(a)-275(total)-275(o)15(v)14(erhead)-275(of)-275(just)-275(3)-167(kBps,)-281(and)-276(could)]TJ T*[(be)-250(reduced)-250(with)-250(more)-250(ef)25(\002cient)-250(encoding)-250(o)-1(f)-250(the)-250(per)20(-link)-250(v)25(alues.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(Thus,)-338(the)-320(total)-321(o)15(v)15(erhead)-320(of)-320(distrib)20(u)-1(ting)-320(the)-320(control)-321(information)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(required)-203(to)-202(emplo)10(y)-203(netw)10(ork)-202(e)15(xception)-203(handlers)-202(w)9(ould)-202(be)-203(ne)15(gligible)]TJ T*[(e)25(v)15(en)-250(in)-250(a)-250(lar)18(ge)-250(enterprise)-250(netw)10(ork.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 316.812 130.684 Tm (7.)Tj 1 Tc 0.75 0 Td (3)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.5 0 Td (Managin)Tj 0.23198 Tc 3.834 0 Td (g)Tj 0 Tc 0.732 0 Td (ban)Tj -0.01498 Tc 1.612 0 Td (d)Tj 0 Tc 0.541 0 Td (widt)Tj 0.23297 Tc 1.889 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.789 0 Td (wit)Tj 0.23199 Tc 1.333 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (exceptio)Tj 0.23199 Tc 3.499 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (han-)Tj /F56 1 Tf -15.8049 -0.9753 Td (dlers)Tj /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 325.778 106.072 Tm [(W)80(e)-270(no)25(w)-269(e)25(v)25(aluate)-270(a)-269(concr)-1(ete)-269(e)15(xample)-270(of)-269(netw)10(ork)-270(e)15(xception)-270(han-)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(dlers)-276(using)-277(our)-276(enterprise)-276(netw)10(ork)-277(traf)25(\002c)-276(dataset)-276(described)-276(in)-277(Sec-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(tion)-318(7)-1(.1.)-515(In)-318(particular)40(,)-336(we)-319(describe)-318(a)-319(h)5(ypothetical)-318(scenario)-319(where)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(an)-346(e)15(xception)-347(handler)-346(is)-347(emplo)10(yed)-346(for)-347(bandwidth)-346(sa)20(vings)-347(through)]TJ ET q /Fm1 Do Q endstream endobj 187 0 obj 19885 endobj 188 0 obj << /Length 189 0 R >> stream BT 0 g 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /F56 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Tr 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 722.061 Tm [(T)92(able)-447(1:)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 92.681 722.061 Tm [(T)92(opology)-447(data.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 7.3954 0 Td (Core)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.4469 0 Td [(links)-447(r)18(epr)18(esent)-447(ph)15(ysical)-446(connecti)10(v-)]TJ -14.7209 -1.3124 Td [(ity)70(.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 1.679 0 Td (Leaf)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.2769 0 Td [(links)-276(r)18(epr)18(esent)-276(adv)10(ertised)-276(pr)18(e\002xes,)-282(including)-276(summaries.)-388(An)]TJ /F69 1 Tf -3.9559 -1.3125 Td [(ev)15(ent)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 2.404 0 Td [(is)-250(a)-250(link)-250(that)-250(fails,)-250(r)18(eco)10(v)10(ers)-250(or)-250(has)-250(its)-250(weight)-250(r)18(econ\002gur)18(ed.)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.353 698.027 cm 0 G 0.498 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.353 -698.027 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.766 691.751 Tm (Area)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 689.061 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -689.061 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 166.496 691.751 Tm [(Backbone)-3100(Stub)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 688.563 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -1.793 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -686.77 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.985 680.493 Tm (Date)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 677.803 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -677.803 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 163.837 680.493 Tm [(2004-11-05)-1350(2004-06-16)]TJ -8.545 -1.125 Td [(Duration)-250(\(weeks\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 668.837 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -668.837 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 671.527 Tm [(111)-4516(128)]TJ -9.045 -1.1251 Td [(Gaps)-250(\(days\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 659.871 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -659.871 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 180.439 662.56 Tm [(3)-5266(56)]TJ -9.4626 -1.125 Td [(#Core)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 650.904 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -650.904 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 653.594 Tm [(175)-4766(42)]TJ -8.9065 -1.125 Td [(#Leaf)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 641.938 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -641.938 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 174.462 644.628 Tm [(1123)-4016(1241)]TJ -9.3152 -1.1251 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(core\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 632.971 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -632.971 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 635.661 Tm [(183)-4516(720)]TJ -9.4541 -1.125 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(leaf\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 624.005 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -624.005 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 170.476 626.695 Tm [(414090)-3016(270428)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 623.507 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -623.507 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 10.959 0 0 10.959 53.798 594.615 Tm [(T)92(opolo)10(gy)-250(Datasets)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 580.169 Tm [(The)-392(netw)10(o)-1(rk)-392(topology)-392(traces)-393(are)-392(e)15(xtracted)-393(from)-392(OSPF)-392(data)-393(col-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(lected)-267(fro)-1(m)-267(tw)10(o)-267(areas)-268(within)-267(CORPNET)74(,)-268(one)-267(a)-268(backbone)-267(area)-268(and)]TJ T*[(one)-349(a)-350(stub)-349(area.)-608(An)-350(autonomous)-349(system)-350(\(AS\))-349(running)-349(OSPF)-350(in-)]TJ T*[(ternally)-242(contains)-241(a)-242(single)-241(unique)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 13.1506 0 Td [(bac)20(kbone)-242(ar)37(ea)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.0911 0 Td [(which)-242(connects)-241(all)]TJ -19.2417 -1.1666 Td [(the)-320(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.9168 0 Td [(stub)-320(ar)37(eas)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.4919 0 Td [(in)-320(that)-320(AS;)-320(stub)-319(areas)-320(do)-320(not)-320(generally)-320(inter)20(-)]TJ -8.4086 -1.1667 Td [(connect)-319(directly)65(.)-515(CORPNET)-319(is)-318(split)-319(into)-318(four)-319(such)-318(A)-1(Ss,)-335(with)-319(the)]TJ T*[(AS)-348(numbers)-349(designated)-348(for)-349(pri)25(v)25(ate)-348(use)-349(and)-348(are)-348(not)-349(visible)-348(to)-349(the)]TJ T*[(Internet)-226(at)-226(lar)18(ge.)-302(Each)-226(AS)-226(co)15(v)15(ers)-226(a)-226(lar)18(ge)-226(geogr)-1(aphical)-226(re)15(gion)-226(of)-226(the)]TJ T*[(w)10(orld)-264(and)-264(each)-263(runs)-264(a)-264(single)-263(O)-1(SPF)-263(backbone)-264(area.)-351(Both)-264(the)-264(back-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(bone)-341(and)-342(the)-341(stub)-342(areas)-341(monitored)-342(are)-341(within)-341(the)-342(same)-341(AS.)-342(Data)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(as)-291(collected)-291(until)-290(December)-291(2006,)-301(be)15(ginning)-291(from)-291(the)-291(backbone)]TJ T*[(area)-252(in)-253(No)15(v)15(ember)-252(2004,)-253(and)-252(from)-252(the)-253(stub)-252(area)-252(in)-253(June)-252(2004.)-317(Data)]TJ T*[(collection)-230(w)10(as)-229(a)-1(lmost)-229(continuous)-230(with)-230(about)-229(six)-230(short)-230(\(roughly)-230(one)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(day)-316(each\))-315(g)5(aps)-315(pe)-1(r)-315(year)-315(in)-316(the)-315(stub)-316(area)-315(trace,)-332(and)-316(approximately)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(one)-344(such)-344(g)5(ap)-344(per)-344(year)-344(in)-344(the)-344(backbone)-344(a)-1(rea)-344(trace.)-592(The)-344(stub)-344(area)]TJ T*[(trace)-363(also)-364(e)15(xperienced)-363(about)-363(four)-363(lar)17(ger)-363(g)5(aps)-363(\(roughly)-363(one)-364(week)]TJ T*[(each\))-250(o)15(v)15(er)-250(its)-250(entirety)65(.)]TJ 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-348(adv)15(ertises)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.0704 0 Td (links)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.889 0 Td [(,)-373(which)-348(may)-348(represent)-349(either)-348(a)-348(pre\002x)-348(di-)]TJ -9.9595 -1.1666 Td [(rectly)-360(adv)14(ertised)-360(by)-360(a)-361(router)40(,)-388(a)-360(ph)5(ysical)-361(connection)-360(between)-361(tw)10(o)]TJ T*[(routers)-263(\(point-to-point)-262(or)-263(shared)-262(media\),)-266(or)-263(pre\002x)15(es)-262(being)-263(summa-)]TJ T*[(rized)-319(into)-320(this)-319(area)-320(from)-319(a)-319(neighboring)-320(area.)-518(T)80(able)-319(1)-320(summarizes)]TJ T*[(the)-250(characteristics)-250(of)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(e)15(xtracted)-250(f)-1(rom)-250(the)-250(OSPF)-250(data.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 53.798 341.065 Tm [(7.2)-1000(Ov)10(erhead)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 62.765 328.113 Tm [(W)80(e)-296(e)15(xam)-1(ine)-296(tw)10(o)-296(type)-1(s)-296(of)-296(o)15(v)15(erh)-1(ead)-296(incurred)-297(by)-296(netw)10(ork)-297(e)15(xcep-)]TJ -1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(tion)-249(handlers.)-309(First,)-249(the)-249(total)-248(traf)25(\002c)-249(required)-249(to)-248(distrib)20(ute)-249(the)-249(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(ogy)-285(across)-285(the)-284(netw)10(ork.)-414(Secon)-1(d,)-293(the)-285(amount)-284(of)-285(traf)25(\002c)-285(incurred)-285(by)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(distrib)20(uting)-363(the)-364(metrics)-363(the)-363(top)-1(ology)-363(is)-363(annotated)-364(with,)-391(e.g.,)-364(link)]TJ T*[(load)-250(or)-250(link)-250(cost.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(Li)10(v)10(e)-290(topology)-290(distrib)20(ution.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 11.8328 0 Td [(There)-290(are)-290(three)-290(components)-290(to)-290(the)]TJ -12.8329 -1.1667 Td [(o)15(v)15(erhead)-300(of)-300(distrib)20(uting)-301(the)-300(li)25(v)15(e)-300(netw)10(ork)-300(topology:)-410(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 21.3875 0 Td (i)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.278 0 Td [(\))-300(the)-300(recei)25(v)15(e)]TJ -21.6655 -1.1666 Td [(bandwidth)-226(at)-226(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.4545 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5822 0 Td [(designated)-226(to)-226(g)5(ather)-226(the)-227(topology)-226(of)-226(its)-226(area;)]TJ -9.0367 -1.1667 Td (\()Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.333 0 Td (ii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.556 0 Td [(\))-392(the)-392(tran)-1(smit)-392(bandwidth)-392(at)-392(each)-393(such)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 16.1879 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.748 0 Td [(to)-392(transmit)-393(its)-392(area)]TJ -18.825 -1.1667 Td [(topology)-283(to)-284(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.2389 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.356 0 Td [(s;)-300(and)-283(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.0271 0 Td (iii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.834 0 Td [(\))-283(the)-283(r)-1(ecei)25(v)15(e)-283(bandwidth)-283(at)-283(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 12.8776 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf -25.3337 -1.1667 Td [(required)-250(to)-250(recei)25(v)15(e)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(of)-250(all)-250(area)-1(s.)]TJ 1 -1.1666 Td [(The)-246(\002rst)-246(component)-246(is)-245(v)15(ery)-246(small,)-247(with)-246(median)-245(v)25(alues)-246(of)-246(71)-167(Bps)]TJ -1 -1.4305 Td [(and)-266(70)-167(Bps)-265(for)-266(our)-266(core)-266(and)-266(stub)-265(area)-1(s)-265(respecti)25(v)15(ely)65(.)-358(Ev)15(en)-266(the)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 24.8064 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0279 0.4248 Td (th)Tj -25.8342 -1.5916 Td [(percentiles)-431(for)-432(each)-431(are)-432(only)-431(1.5)-167(kBps)-431(\(backbone\))-432(and)-431(1.6)-167(kBps)]TJ T*[(\(stub\).)-742(This)-393(is)-394(a)-394(ne)15(gligible)-394(o)15(v)15(erhead)-394(for)-394(a)-394(serv)15(er)20(-class)-394(machine)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(to)-250(collect.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-292(second)-292(component)-292(is)-292(similarly)-292(ne)15(glig)-1(ible)-292(since)-292(most)-292(of)-292(the)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-231(traf)25(\002c)-232(does)-231(not)-232(actually)-231(report)-232(an)15(y)-231(changes)-231(to)-232(the)-231(area)-232(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(ogy)65(,)-304(being)-293(simp)-1(ly)-293(HELLO)-293(pack)10(ets)-293(and)-294(refreshes)-293(of)-293(e)15(xisting)-294(state.)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(Only)-292(topology-chan)-1(ging)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 10.1398 0 Td [(e)15(vents)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.484 0 Td [(,)-303(i.e.,)-292(addition)-292(of)-293(ne)25(w)-292(links,)-303(f)10(ailure)]TJ -12.6239 -1.1667 Td [(or)-270(reco)15(v)14(ery)-270(of)-270(e)15(xisting)-271(links,)-275(or)-271(link)-270(weight)-271(modi\002cations,)-275(need)-271(to)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(be)-339(redistrib)20(uted.)-578(Examining)-340(e)25(v)15(ents)-339(at)-340(the)-339(granularity)-339(of)-340(seconds,)]TJ T*[(we)-313(see)-314(that)-313(only)-313(0.002%)-314(of)-313(the)-313(total)-314(second-interv)25(als)-313(for)-313(the)-314(stub)]TJ T*[(area,)-427(and)-392(only)-392(0.000007%)-392(of)-391(seco)-1(nd-interv)25(als)-391(for)-392(the)-392(core)-392(area,)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(contain)-324(e)25(v)15(en)-325(a)-324(single)-324(e)25(v)15(ent.)-533(The)-325(b)20(urstiness)-324(is)-324(similarly)-325(lo)25(w)65(,)-343(with)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 313.425 737.803 cm 0.398 w 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -258.515 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -479.288 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 726.422 Tm [(SiteNames)-250(=)-250([\223Cambridge\224];)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(Threshold)-250(=)-250(100MB;)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(boolean)-250(Exception\(Netw)15(orkState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 656.519 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 39.529 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -656.519 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 690.556 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 671.722 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 15.272 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -671.722 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 681.59 Tm (siteLoad)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.6951 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -4.7871 -1.125 Td (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (siteLoad)Tj /F74 1 Tf 3.695 0 Td (>)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0764 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.994 0 Td (true)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 671.722 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -671.722 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 661.736 Tm [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.9941 0 Td (false)Tj /F56 1 Tf -4.7772 -1.4685 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(F)40(ire)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(HostState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 617.82 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 10.716 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -617.82 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 623.132 Tm [(Re)15(gister\(Handler\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf -1.7831 -1.4804 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(Handler)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(Hoststate\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 491.849 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 98.076 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -491.849 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 584.434 Tm [(if)-250(not)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.5 0 Td (Exception\(NetworkState\))Tj /F56 1 Tf 10.3041 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 573.343 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 7.528 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -573.343 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 575.467 Tm [(Remo)15(v)15(eAllRestrictions\(\);)-250(DeRe)15(gister\(Handler\);)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 19.4521 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 573.343 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -573.343 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 562.914 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 499.022 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 60.33 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -499.022 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 553.948 Tm [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.1021 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ -7.1941 -1.125 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.18 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td (/)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.5281 0 Td [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -8.0691 -1.1251 Td [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (app)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.7499 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0841 0 Td [(Hoststate)15(.Apps)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 6.263 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 358.805 503.007 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 29.533 l S 1 0 0 1 -358.805 -503.007 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 368.411 527.049 Tm (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (app.isLowPriority)Tj /F56 1 Tf 7.557 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 373.016 506.992 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 16.494 l S 1 0 0 1 -373.016 -506.992 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 382.623 518.083 Tm (bwCap)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.0839 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(app.UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.3241 0 Td (*)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.7501 0 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf -13.25 -1.1251 Td [(SetRestriction\(app,)-250(maxBandwidth)-250(=)-250(bwCap\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 373.414 506.992 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -499.022 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 485.361 Tm (end)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 558.904 479.288 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -245.479 -0.398 cm 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -478.89 cm BT 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 470.719 Tm [(Figur)18(e)-373(8:)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 357.856 470.719 Tm [(Netw)10(ork)-373(e)15(xception)-373(handler)-374(to)-373(smooth)-373(upstream)-373(traf)25(\002c)-374(by)]TJ -5.1498 -1.125 Td [(rate-limiting)-395(lo)25(w)-394(priority)-395(applications)-394(at)-395(b)20(usy)-394(periods.)-744(The)-394(threshold)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(may)-250(be)-250(speci\002ed)-250(by)-250(historical)-250(data.)]TJ 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 423.401 Tm (the)Tj /F31 1 Tf 1.4138 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0278 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2855 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0278 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.0003 -0.4248 Td [(percentiles)-192(at)-192(just)-191(10)-192(e)25(v)15(ents)-192(for)-192(both)-191(are)-1(as,)-203(and)-192(the)-191(ma)-1(x-)]TJ -4.7552 -1.1667 Td [(imum)-285(number)-285(of)-285(e)25(v)14(ents)-285(observ)15(ed)-285(in)-285(an)15(y)-285(single)-285(second)-286(standing)-285(at)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(just)-203(91)-1(.)-294(Assuming)-204(e)25(v)15(ents)-203(can)-204(be)-203(described)-204(in)-203(25)-167(bytes)-203(with)-204(40)-167(bytes)]TJ T*[(o)15(v)15(erhead)-328(for)-328(TCP/IP)-327(headers,)-347(this)-328(corresponds)-328(to)-328(a)-327(w)10(orst)-328(case)-328(of)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(around)-302(2.5)-167(kBps,)-315(and)-303(only)-302(700)-302(seconds)-303(o)15(v)15(er)-302(the)-302(three)-302(year)-303(period)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(ould)-315(require)-315(more)-314(than)-315(1.5)-167(kBps,)-331(i.e.,)-315(more)-314(than)-315(a)-315(single)-315(pack)10(et)]TJ T*[(per)-250(second.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-402(third)-403(component)-402(is)-402(less)-402(ne)15(gligible)-403(b)20(ut)-402(is)-402(still)-402(v)15(ery)-403(small.)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(In)-392(our)-392(lar)18(ge)-392(enterprise)-392(netw)10(ork,)-428(there)-392(are)-392(approximately)-392(62)-392(dis-)]TJ T*[(tinct)-388(OSPF)-388(areas)-387(and)-388(92)-388(separate)-388(Acti)25(v)15(e)-388(Directory)-388(domain)-388(con-)]TJ T*[(trollers.)-326(Assuming)-256(that)-255(topology)-256(distrib)20(ution)-255(w)10(as)-256(carried)-255(out)-256(using)]TJ T*[(some)-268(ef)25(\002cient)-268(mechanism)-268(such)-268(as)-268(nati)25(v)15(e)-268(IP)-268(multicast)-268(or)-268(a)-268(suitably)]TJ T*[(con\002gured)-280(application)-280(o)15(v)15(erlay)65(,)-288(this)-280(corresponds)-280(to)-280(a)-280(w)10(orst)-280(case)-280(of)]TJ 0 -1.4304 TD [(155)-167(kBps)-326(being)-326(deli)25(v)15(ered)-326(to)-326(92)-326(recei)25(v)15(ers,)-345(and)-326(a)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 19.7379 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0279 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2854 0 Td (9)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.5139 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.1595 -0.4248 Td (percentile)Tj -22.7246 -1.1667 Td [(of)-250(4)-167(kBps.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1 -1.1667 Td [(P)20(er)37(-link)-190(annotations.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 9.1743 0 Td [(Distrib)20(uting)-190(link-related)-190(information)-190(such)]TJ -10.1743 -1.1666 Td [(as)-291(cost)-291(and)-291(load)-290(requires)-291(a)-291(higher)-291(o)15(v)15(erhead)-291(compared)-291(to)-291(the)-291(o)15(v)15(er)20(-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(head)-252(of)-253(distrib)20(uting)-252(the)-252(topology)65(,)-253(b)20(ut)-252(o)15(v)14(erall)-252(is)-252(still)-252(not)-253(signi\002cant.)]TJ T*[(F)15(or)-263(e)15(xample,)-266(assume)-263(that)-263(up)-263(to)-263(\002fteen)-263(4)-1(-byte)-263(counters)-263(per)-263(link)-263(are)]TJ T*[(distrib)20(uted)-218(to)-217(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.521 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5736 0 Td [(e)25(v)15(ery)-218(5)-217(minutes,)-225(using)-217(a)-218(similar)-217(IP)-218(multicast)]TJ -9.0946 -1.1667 Td [(or)-364(ap)-1(plication)-364(o)15(v)15(erlay)-365(mechanism.)-653(This)-365(corresponds)-364(to)-365(approxi-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(mately)-242(100)-167(bytes)-242(per)-242(link)-242(e)25(v)15(ery)-242(5)-241(minu)-1(tes.)-307(Ev)15(en)-242(in)-242(a)-242(lar)18(ge)-242(netw)10(ork)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(with)-275(10,000)-275(lin)-1(ks)-275(this)-275(is)-275(a)-275(total)-275(o)15(v)14(erhead)-275(of)-275(just)-275(3)-167(kBps,)-281(and)-276(could)]TJ T*[(be)-250(reduced)-250(with)-250(more)-250(ef)25(\002cient)-250(encoding)-250(o)-1(f)-250(the)-250(per)20(-link)-250(v)25(alues.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(Thus,)-338(the)-320(total)-321(o)15(v)15(erhead)-320(of)-320(distrib)20(u)-1(ting)-320(the)-320(control)-321(information)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(required)-203(to)-202(emplo)10(y)-203(netw)10(ork)-202(e)15(xception)-203(handlers)-202(w)9(ould)-202(be)-203(ne)15(gligible)]TJ T*[(e)25(v)15(en)-250(in)-250(a)-250(lar)18(ge)-250(enterprise)-250(netw)10(ork.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 316.812 130.684 Tm (7.)Tj 1 Tc 0.75 0 Td (3)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.5 0 Td (Managin)Tj 0.23198 Tc 3.834 0 Td (g)Tj 0 Tc 0.732 0 Td (ban)Tj -0.01498 Tc 1.612 0 Td (d)Tj 0 Tc 0.541 0 Td (widt)Tj 0.23297 Tc 1.889 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.789 0 Td (wit)Tj 0.23199 Tc 1.333 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (exceptio)Tj 0.23199 Tc 3.499 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (han-)Tj -15.8049 -0.9753 Td (dlers)Tj /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 325.778 106.072 Tm [(W)80(e)-270(no)25(w)-269(e)25(v)25(aluate)-270(a)-269(concr)-1(ete)-269(e)15(xample)-270(of)-269(netw)10(ork)-270(e)15(xception)-270(han-)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(dlers)-276(using)-277(our)-276(enterprise)-276(netw)10(ork)-277(traf)25(\002c)-276(dataset)-276(described)-276(in)-277(Sec-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(tion)-318(7)-1(.1.)-515(In)-318(particular)40(,)-336(we)-319(describe)-318(a)-319(h)5(ypothetical)-318(scenario)-319(where)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(an)-346(e)15(xception)-347(handler)-346(is)-347(emplo)10(yed)-346(for)-347(bandwidth)-346(sa)20(vings)-347(through)]TJ ET q /Fm1 Do Q endstream endobj 189 0 obj 19874 endobj 190 0 obj << /Length 191 0 R >> stream BT 0 g 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /F56 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Tr 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 722.061 Tm [(T)92(able)-447(1:)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 92.681 722.061 Tm [(T)92(opology)-447(data.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 7.3954 0 Td (Core)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.4469 0 Td [(links)-447(r)18(epr)18(esent)-447(ph)15(ysical)-446(connecti)10(v-)]TJ -14.7209 -1.3124 Td [(ity)70(.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 1.679 0 Td (Leaf)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.2769 0 Td [(links)-276(r)18(epr)18(esent)-276(adv)10(ertised)-276(pr)18(e\002xes,)-282(including)-276(summaries.)-388(An)]TJ /F69 1 Tf -3.9559 -1.3125 Td [(ev)15(ent)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 2.404 0 Td [(is)-250(a)-250(link)-250(that)-250(fails,)-250(r)18(eco)10(v)10(ers)-250(or)-250(has)-250(its)-250(weight)-250(r)18(econ\002gur)18(ed.)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.353 698.027 cm 0 G 0.498 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.353 -698.027 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.766 691.751 Tm (Area)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 689.061 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -689.061 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 166.496 691.751 Tm [(Backbone)-3100(Stub)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 688.563 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -1.793 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -686.77 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.985 680.493 Tm (Date)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 677.803 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -677.803 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 163.837 680.493 Tm [(2004-11-05)-1350(2004-06-16)]TJ -8.545 -1.125 Td [(Duration)-250(\(weeks\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 668.837 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -668.837 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 671.527 Tm [(111)-4516(128)]TJ -9.045 -1.1251 Td [(Gaps)-250(\(days\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 659.871 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -659.871 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 180.439 662.56 Tm [(3)-5266(56)]TJ -9.4626 -1.125 Td [(#Core)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 650.904 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -650.904 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 653.594 Tm [(175)-4766(42)]TJ -8.9065 -1.125 Td [(#Leaf)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 641.938 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -641.938 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 174.462 644.628 Tm [(1123)-4016(1241)]TJ -9.3152 -1.1251 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(core\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 632.971 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -632.971 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 635.661 Tm [(183)-4516(720)]TJ -9.4541 -1.125 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(leaf\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 624.005 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -624.005 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 170.476 626.695 Tm [(414090)-3016(270428)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 623.507 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -623.507 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 10.959 0 0 10.959 53.798 594.615 Tm [(T)92(opolo)10(gy)-250(Datasets)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 580.169 Tm [(The)-392(netw)10(o)-1(rk)-392(topology)-392(traces)-393(are)-392(e)15(xtracted)-393(from)-392(OSPF)-392(data)-393(col-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(lected)-267(fro)-1(m)-267(tw)10(o)-267(areas)-268(within)-267(CORPNET)74(,)-268(one)-267(a)-268(backbone)-267(area)-268(and)]TJ T*[(one)-349(a)-350(stub)-349(area.)-608(An)-350(autonomous)-349(system)-350(\(AS\))-349(running)-349(OSPF)-350(in-)]TJ T*[(ternally)-242(contains)-241(a)-242(single)-241(unique)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 13.1506 0 Td [(bac)20(kbone)-242(ar)37(ea)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.0911 0 Td [(which)-242(connects)-241(all)]TJ -19.2417 -1.1666 Td [(the)-320(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.9168 0 Td [(stub)-320(ar)37(eas)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.4919 0 Td [(in)-320(that)-320(AS;)-320(stub)-319(areas)-320(do)-320(not)-320(generally)-320(inter)20(-)]TJ -8.4086 -1.1667 Td [(connect)-319(directly)65(.)-515(CORPNET)-319(is)-318(split)-319(into)-318(four)-319(such)-318(A)-1(Ss,)-335(with)-319(the)]TJ T*[(AS)-348(numbers)-349(designated)-348(for)-349(pri)25(v)25(ate)-348(use)-349(and)-348(are)-348(not)-349(visible)-348(to)-349(the)]TJ T*[(Internet)-226(at)-226(lar)18(ge.)-302(Each)-226(AS)-226(co)15(v)15(ers)-226(a)-226(lar)18(ge)-226(geogr)-1(aphical)-226(re)15(gion)-226(of)-226(the)]TJ T*[(w)10(orld)-264(and)-264(each)-263(runs)-264(a)-264(single)-263(O)-1(SPF)-263(backbone)-264(area.)-351(Both)-264(the)-264(back-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(bone)-341(and)-342(the)-341(stub)-342(areas)-341(monitored)-342(are)-341(within)-341(the)-342(same)-341(AS.)-342(Data)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(as)-291(collected)-291(until)-290(December)-291(2006,)-301(be)15(ginning)-291(from)-291(the)-291(backbone)]TJ T*[(area)-252(in)-253(No)15(v)15(ember)-252(2004,)-253(and)-252(from)-252(the)-253(stub)-252(area)-252(in)-253(June)-252(2004.)-317(Data)]TJ T*[(collection)-230(w)10(as)-229(a)-1(lmost)-229(continuous)-230(with)-230(about)-229(six)-230(short)-230(\(roughly)-230(one)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(day)-316(each\))-315(g)5(aps)-315(pe)-1(r)-315(year)-315(in)-316(the)-315(stub)-316(area)-315(trace,)-332(and)-316(approximately)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(one)-344(such)-344(g)5(ap)-344(per)-344(year)-344(in)-344(the)-344(backbone)-344(a)-1(rea)-344(trace.)-592(The)-344(stub)-344(area)]TJ T*[(trace)-363(also)-364(e)15(xperienced)-363(about)-363(four)-363(lar)17(ger)-363(g)5(aps)-363(\(roughly)-363(one)-364(week)]TJ T*[(each\))-250(o)15(v)15(er)-250(its)-250(entirety)65(.)]TJ 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-348(adv)15(ertises)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.0704 0 Td (links)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.889 0 Td [(,)-373(which)-348(may)-348(represent)-349(either)-348(a)-348(pre\002x)-348(di-)]TJ -9.9595 -1.1666 Td [(rectly)-360(adv)14(ertised)-360(by)-360(a)-361(router)40(,)-388(a)-360(ph)5(ysical)-361(connection)-360(between)-361(tw)10(o)]TJ T*[(routers)-263(\(point-to-point)-262(or)-263(shared)-262(media\),)-266(or)-263(pre\002x)15(es)-262(being)-263(summa-)]TJ T*[(rized)-319(into)-320(this)-319(area)-320(from)-319(a)-319(neighboring)-320(area.)-518(T)80(able)-319(1)-320(summarizes)]TJ T*[(the)-250(characteristics)-250(of)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(e)15(xtracted)-250(f)-1(rom)-250(the)-250(OSPF)-250(data.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 53.798 341.065 Tm [(7.2)-1000(Ov)10(erhead)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 62.765 328.113 Tm [(W)80(e)-296(e)15(xam)-1(ine)-296(tw)10(o)-296(type)-1(s)-296(of)-296(o)15(v)15(erh)-1(ead)-296(incurred)-297(by)-296(netw)10(ork)-297(e)15(xcep-)]TJ -1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(tion)-249(handlers.)-309(First,)-249(the)-249(total)-248(traf)25(\002c)-249(required)-249(to)-248(distrib)20(ute)-249(the)-249(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(ogy)-285(across)-285(the)-284(netw)10(ork.)-414(Secon)-1(d,)-293(the)-285(amount)-284(of)-285(traf)25(\002c)-285(incurred)-285(by)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(distrib)20(uting)-363(the)-364(metrics)-363(the)-363(top)-1(ology)-363(is)-363(annotated)-364(with,)-391(e.g.,)-364(link)]TJ T*[(load)-250(or)-250(link)-250(cost.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(Li)10(v)10(e)-290(topology)-290(distrib)20(ution.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 11.8328 0 Td [(There)-290(are)-290(three)-290(components)-290(to)-290(the)]TJ -12.8329 -1.1667 Td [(o)15(v)15(erhead)-300(of)-300(distrib)20(uting)-301(the)-300(li)25(v)15(e)-300(netw)10(ork)-300(topology:)-410(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 21.3875 0 Td (i)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.278 0 Td [(\))-300(the)-300(recei)25(v)15(e)]TJ -21.6655 -1.1666 Td [(bandwidth)-226(at)-226(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.4545 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5822 0 Td [(designated)-226(to)-226(g)5(ather)-226(the)-227(topology)-226(of)-226(its)-226(area;)]TJ -9.0367 -1.1667 Td (\()Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.333 0 Td (ii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.556 0 Td [(\))-392(the)-392(tran)-1(smit)-392(bandwidth)-392(at)-392(each)-393(such)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 16.1879 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.748 0 Td [(to)-392(transmit)-393(its)-392(area)]TJ -18.825 -1.1667 Td [(topology)-283(to)-284(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.2389 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.356 0 Td [(s;)-300(and)-283(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.0271 0 Td (iii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.834 0 Td [(\))-283(the)-283(r)-1(ecei)25(v)15(e)-283(bandwidth)-283(at)-283(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 12.8776 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf -25.3337 -1.1667 Td [(required)-250(to)-250(recei)25(v)15(e)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(of)-250(all)-250(area)-1(s.)]TJ 1 -1.1666 Td [(The)-246(\002rst)-246(component)-246(is)-245(v)15(ery)-246(small,)-247(with)-246(median)-245(v)25(alues)-246(of)-246(71)-167(Bps)]TJ -1 -1.4305 Td [(and)-266(70)-167(Bps)-265(for)-266(our)-266(core)-266(and)-266(stub)-265(area)-1(s)-265(respecti)25(v)15(ely)65(.)-358(Ev)15(en)-266(the)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 24.8064 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0279 0.4248 Td (th)Tj -25.8342 -1.5916 Td [(percentiles)-431(for)-432(each)-431(are)-432(only)-431(1.5)-167(kBps)-431(\(backbone\))-432(and)-431(1.6)-167(kBps)]TJ T*[(\(stub\).)-742(This)-393(is)-394(a)-394(ne)15(gligible)-394(o)15(v)15(erhead)-394(for)-394(a)-394(serv)15(er)20(-class)-394(machine)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(to)-250(collect.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-292(second)-292(component)-292(is)-292(similarly)-292(ne)15(glig)-1(ible)-292(since)-292(most)-292(of)-292(the)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-231(traf)25(\002c)-232(does)-231(not)-232(actually)-231(report)-232(an)15(y)-231(changes)-231(to)-232(the)-231(area)-232(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(ogy)65(,)-304(being)-293(simp)-1(ly)-293(HELLO)-293(pack)10(ets)-293(and)-294(refreshes)-293(of)-293(e)15(xisting)-294(state.)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(Only)-292(topology-chan)-1(ging)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 10.1398 0 Td [(e)15(vents)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.484 0 Td [(,)-303(i.e.,)-292(addition)-292(of)-293(ne)25(w)-292(links,)-303(f)10(ailure)]TJ -12.6239 -1.1667 Td [(or)-270(reco)15(v)14(ery)-270(of)-270(e)15(xisting)-271(links,)-275(or)-271(link)-270(weight)-271(modi\002cations,)-275(need)-271(to)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(be)-339(redistrib)20(uted.)-578(Examining)-340(e)25(v)15(ents)-339(at)-340(the)-339(granularity)-339(of)-340(seconds,)]TJ T*[(we)-313(see)-314(that)-313(only)-313(0.002%)-314(of)-313(the)-313(total)-314(second-interv)25(als)-313(for)-313(the)-314(stub)]TJ T*[(area,)-427(and)-392(only)-392(0.000007%)-392(of)-391(seco)-1(nd-interv)25(als)-391(for)-392(the)-392(core)-392(area,)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(contain)-324(e)25(v)15(en)-325(a)-324(single)-324(e)25(v)15(ent.)-533(The)-325(b)20(urstiness)-324(is)-324(similarly)-325(lo)25(w)65(,)-343(with)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 313.425 737.803 cm 0.398 w 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -258.515 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -479.288 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 726.422 Tm [(SiteNames)-250(=)-250([\223Cambridge\224];)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(Threshold)-250(=)-250(100MB;)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(boolean)-250(Exception\(Netw)15(orkState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 656.519 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 39.529 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -656.519 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 690.556 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 671.722 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 15.272 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -671.722 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 681.59 Tm (siteLoad)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.6951 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -4.7871 -1.125 Td (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (siteLoad)Tj /F74 1 Tf 3.695 0 Td (>)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0764 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.994 0 Td (true)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 671.722 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -671.722 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 661.736 Tm [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.9941 0 Td (false)Tj /F56 1 Tf -4.7772 -1.4685 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(F)40(ire)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(HostState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 617.82 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 10.716 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -617.82 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 623.132 Tm [(Re)15(gister\(Handler\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf -1.7831 -1.4804 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(Handler)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(Hoststate\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 491.849 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 98.076 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -491.849 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 584.434 Tm [(if)-250(not)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.5 0 Td (Exception\(NetworkState\))Tj /F56 1 Tf 10.3041 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 573.343 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 7.528 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -573.343 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 575.467 Tm [(Remo)15(v)15(eAllRestrictions\(\);)-250(DeRe)15(gister\(Handler\);)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 19.4521 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 573.343 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -573.343 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 562.914 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 499.022 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 60.33 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -499.022 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 553.948 Tm [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.1021 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ -7.1941 -1.125 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.18 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td (/)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.5281 0 Td [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -8.0691 -1.1251 Td [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (app)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.7499 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0841 0 Td [(Hoststate)15(.Apps)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 6.263 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 358.805 503.007 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 29.533 l S 1 0 0 1 -358.805 -503.007 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 368.411 527.049 Tm (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (app.isLowPriority)Tj /F56 1 Tf 7.557 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 373.016 506.992 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 16.494 l S 1 0 0 1 -373.016 -506.992 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 382.623 518.083 Tm (bwCap)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.0839 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(app.UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.3241 0 Td (*)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.7501 0 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf -13.25 -1.1251 Td [(SetRestriction\(app,)-250(maxBandwidth)-250(=)-250(bwCap\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 373.414 506.992 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -499.022 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 485.361 Tm (end)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 558.904 479.288 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -245.479 -0.398 cm 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -478.89 cm BT 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 470.719 Tm [(Figur)18(e)-373(8:)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 357.856 470.719 Tm [(Netw)10(ork)-373(e)15(xception)-373(handler)-374(to)-373(smooth)-373(upstream)-373(traf)25(\002c)-374(by)]TJ -5.1498 -1.125 Td [(rate-limiting)-395(lo)25(w)-394(priority)-395(applications)-394(at)-395(b)20(usy)-394(periods.)-744(The)-394(threshold)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(may)-250(be)-250(speci\002ed)-250(by)-250(historical)-250(data.)]TJ 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 423.401 Tm (the)Tj /F31 1 Tf 1.4138 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0278 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2855 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0278 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.0003 -0.4248 Td [(percentiles)-192(at)-192(just)-191(10)-192(e)25(v)15(ents)-192(for)-192(both)-191(are)-1(as,)-203(and)-192(the)-191(ma)-1(x-)]TJ -4.7552 -1.1667 Td [(imum)-285(number)-285(of)-285(e)25(v)14(ents)-285(observ)15(ed)-285(in)-285(an)15(y)-285(single)-285(second)-286(standing)-285(at)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(just)-203(91)-1(.)-294(Assuming)-204(e)25(v)15(ents)-203(can)-204(be)-203(described)-204(in)-203(25)-167(bytes)-203(with)-204(40)-167(bytes)]TJ T*[(o)15(v)15(erhead)-328(for)-328(TCP/IP)-327(headers,)-347(this)-328(corresponds)-328(to)-328(a)-327(w)10(orst)-328(case)-328(of)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(around)-302(2.5)-167(kBps,)-315(and)-303(only)-302(700)-302(seconds)-303(o)15(v)15(er)-302(the)-302(three)-302(year)-303(period)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(ould)-315(require)-315(more)-314(than)-315(1.5)-167(kBps,)-331(i.e.,)-315(more)-314(than)-315(a)-315(single)-315(pack)10(et)]TJ T*[(per)-250(second.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-402(third)-403(component)-402(is)-402(less)-402(ne)15(gligible)-403(b)20(ut)-402(is)-402(still)-402(v)15(ery)-403(small.)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(In)-392(our)-392(lar)18(ge)-392(enterprise)-392(netw)10(ork,)-428(there)-392(are)-392(approximately)-392(62)-392(dis-)]TJ T*[(tinct)-388(OSPF)-388(areas)-387(and)-388(92)-388(separate)-388(Acti)25(v)15(e)-388(Directory)-388(domain)-388(con-)]TJ T*[(trollers.)-326(Assuming)-256(that)-255(topology)-256(distrib)20(ution)-255(w)10(as)-256(carried)-255(out)-256(using)]TJ T*[(some)-268(ef)25(\002cient)-268(mechanism)-268(such)-268(as)-268(nati)25(v)15(e)-268(IP)-268(multicast)-268(or)-268(a)-268(suitably)]TJ T*[(con\002gured)-280(application)-280(o)15(v)15(erlay)65(,)-288(this)-280(corresponds)-280(to)-280(a)-280(w)10(orst)-280(case)-280(of)]TJ 0 -1.4304 TD [(155)-167(kBps)-326(being)-326(deli)25(v)15(ered)-326(to)-326(92)-326(recei)25(v)15(ers,)-345(and)-326(a)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 19.7379 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0279 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2854 0 Td (9)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.5139 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.1595 -0.4248 Td (percentile)Tj -22.7246 -1.1667 Td [(of)-250(4)-167(kBps.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1 -1.1667 Td [(P)20(er)37(-link)-190(annotations.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 9.1743 0 Td [(Distrib)20(uting)-190(link-related)-190(information)-190(such)]TJ -10.1743 -1.1666 Td [(as)-291(cost)-291(and)-291(load)-290(requires)-291(a)-291(higher)-291(o)15(v)15(erhead)-291(compared)-291(to)-291(the)-291(o)15(v)15(er)20(-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(head)-252(of)-253(distrib)20(uting)-252(the)-252(topology)65(,)-253(b)20(ut)-252(o)15(v)14(erall)-252(is)-252(still)-252(not)-253(signi\002cant.)]TJ T*[(F)15(or)-263(e)15(xample,)-266(assume)-263(that)-263(up)-263(to)-263(\002fteen)-263(4)-1(-byte)-263(counters)-263(per)-263(link)-263(are)]TJ T*[(distrib)20(uted)-218(to)-217(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.521 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5736 0 Td [(e)25(v)15(ery)-218(5)-217(minutes,)-225(using)-217(a)-218(similar)-217(IP)-218(multicast)]TJ -9.0946 -1.1667 Td [(or)-364(ap)-1(plication)-364(o)15(v)15(erlay)-365(mechanism.)-653(This)-365(corresponds)-364(to)-365(approxi-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(mately)-242(100)-167(bytes)-242(per)-242(link)-242(e)25(v)15(ery)-242(5)-241(minu)-1(tes.)-307(Ev)15(en)-242(in)-242(a)-242(lar)18(ge)-242(netw)10(ork)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(with)-275(10,000)-275(lin)-1(ks)-275(this)-275(is)-275(a)-275(total)-275(o)15(v)14(erhead)-275(of)-275(just)-275(3)-167(kBps,)-281(and)-276(could)]TJ T*[(be)-250(reduced)-250(with)-250(more)-250(ef)25(\002cient)-250(encoding)-250(o)-1(f)-250(the)-250(per)20(-link)-250(v)25(alues.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(Thus,)-338(the)-320(total)-321(o)15(v)15(erhead)-320(of)-320(distrib)20(u)-1(ting)-320(the)-320(control)-321(information)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(required)-203(to)-202(emplo)10(y)-203(netw)10(ork)-202(e)15(xception)-203(handlers)-202(w)9(ould)-202(be)-203(ne)15(gligible)]TJ T*[(e)25(v)15(en)-250(in)-250(a)-250(lar)18(ge)-250(enterprise)-250(netw)10(ork.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 316.812 130.684 Tm (7.)Tj 1 Tc 0.75 0 Td (3)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.5 0 Td (Managin)Tj 0.23198 Tc 3.834 0 Td (g)Tj 0 Tc 0.732 0 Td (ban)Tj -0.01498 Tc 1.612 0 Td (d)Tj 0 Tc 0.541 0 Td (widt)Tj 0.23297 Tc 1.889 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.789 0 Td (wit)Tj 0.23199 Tc 1.333 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (exceptio)Tj 0.23199 Tc 3.499 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (han-)Tj -15.8049 -0.9753 Td [(han-)(dlers)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 325.778 106.072 Tm [(W)80(e)-270(no)25(w)-269(e)25(v)25(aluate)-270(a)-269(concr)-1(ete)-269(e)15(xample)-270(of)-269(netw)10(ork)-270(e)15(xception)-270(han-)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(dlers)-276(using)-277(our)-276(enterprise)-276(netw)10(ork)-277(traf)25(\002c)-276(dataset)-276(described)-276(in)-277(Sec-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(tion)-318(7)-1(.1.)-515(In)-318(particular)40(,)-336(we)-319(describe)-318(a)-319(h)5(ypothetical)-318(scenario)-319(where)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD (a)Tj 0.34598 Tc 0.444 0 Td (n)Tj -0.015 Tc 0.846 0 Td (e)Tj 0 Tc 0.429 0 Td (xceptio)Tj 0.34698 Tc 2.944 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc 0.847 0 Td (handle)Tj 0.34599 Tc 2.666 0 Td (r)Tj 0 Tc 0.679 0 Td (i)Tj 0.34698 Tc 0.278 0 Td (s)Tj 0 Tc 0.736 0 Td (empl)Tj -0.00999 Tc 2 0 Td (o)Tj 0 Tc 0.49 0 Td (ye)Tj 0.34599 Tc 0.944 0 Td (d)Tj 0 Tc 0.846 0 Td (fo)Tj 0.34697 Tc 0.833 0 Td (r)Tj 0 Tc 0.68 0 Td (bandwidt)Tj 0.34599 Tc 3.722 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.846 0 Td (s)Tj -0.01999 Tc 0.389 0 Td (a)Tj 0 Tc 0.424 0 Td (ving)Tj 0.34698 Tc 1.778 0 Td (s)Tj 0 Tc 0.736 0 Td (through)Tj ET q /Fm1 Do Q endstream endobj 191 0 obj 20343 endobj 192 0 obj << /Length 193 0 R >> stream BT 0 g 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /F56 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Tr 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 722.061 Tm [(T)92(able)-447(1:)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 92.681 722.061 Tm [(T)92(opology)-447(data.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 7.3954 0 Td (Core)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.4469 0 Td [(links)-447(r)18(epr)18(esent)-447(ph)15(ysical)-446(connecti)10(v-)]TJ -14.7209 -1.3124 Td [(ity)70(.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 1.679 0 Td (Leaf)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.2769 0 Td [(links)-276(r)18(epr)18(esent)-276(adv)10(ertised)-276(pr)18(e\002xes,)-282(including)-276(summaries.)-388(An)]TJ /F69 1 Tf -3.9559 -1.3125 Td [(ev)15(ent)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 2.404 0 Td [(is)-250(a)-250(link)-250(that)-250(fails,)-250(r)18(eco)10(v)10(ers)-250(or)-250(has)-250(its)-250(weight)-250(r)18(econ\002gur)18(ed.)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.353 698.027 cm 0 G 0.498 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.353 -698.027 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.766 691.751 Tm (Area)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 689.061 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -689.061 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 166.496 691.751 Tm [(Backbone)-3100(Stub)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 688.563 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -1.793 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -686.77 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.985 680.493 Tm (Date)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 677.803 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -677.803 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 163.837 680.493 Tm [(2004-11-05)-1350(2004-06-16)]TJ -8.545 -1.125 Td [(Duration)-250(\(weeks\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 668.837 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -668.837 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 671.527 Tm [(111)-4516(128)]TJ -9.045 -1.1251 Td [(Gaps)-250(\(days\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 659.871 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -659.871 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 180.439 662.56 Tm [(3)-5266(56)]TJ -9.4626 -1.125 Td [(#Core)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 650.904 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -650.904 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 653.594 Tm [(175)-4766(42)]TJ -8.9065 -1.125 Td [(#Leaf)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 641.938 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -641.938 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 174.462 644.628 Tm [(1123)-4016(1241)]TJ -9.3152 -1.1251 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(core\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 632.971 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -632.971 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 635.661 Tm [(183)-4516(720)]TJ -9.4541 -1.125 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(leaf\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 624.005 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -624.005 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 170.476 626.695 Tm [(414090)-3016(270428)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 623.507 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -623.507 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 10.959 0 0 10.959 53.798 594.615 Tm [(T)92(opolo)10(gy)-250(Datasets)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 580.169 Tm [(The)-392(netw)10(o)-1(rk)-392(topology)-392(traces)-393(are)-392(e)15(xtracted)-393(from)-392(OSPF)-392(data)-393(col-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(lected)-267(fro)-1(m)-267(tw)10(o)-267(areas)-268(within)-267(CORPNET)74(,)-268(one)-267(a)-268(backbone)-267(area)-268(and)]TJ T*[(one)-349(a)-350(stub)-349(area.)-608(An)-350(autonomous)-349(system)-350(\(AS\))-349(running)-349(OSPF)-350(in-)]TJ T*[(ternally)-242(contains)-241(a)-242(single)-241(unique)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 13.1506 0 Td [(bac)20(kbone)-242(ar)37(ea)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.0911 0 Td [(which)-242(connects)-241(all)]TJ -19.2417 -1.1666 Td [(the)-320(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.9168 0 Td [(stub)-320(ar)37(eas)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.4919 0 Td [(in)-320(that)-320(AS;)-320(stub)-319(areas)-320(do)-320(not)-320(generally)-320(inter)20(-)]TJ -8.4086 -1.1667 Td [(connect)-319(directly)65(.)-515(CORPNET)-319(is)-318(split)-319(into)-318(four)-319(such)-318(A)-1(Ss,)-335(with)-319(the)]TJ T*[(AS)-348(numbers)-349(designated)-348(for)-349(pri)25(v)25(ate)-348(use)-349(and)-348(are)-348(not)-349(visible)-348(to)-349(the)]TJ T*[(Internet)-226(at)-226(lar)18(ge.)-302(Each)-226(AS)-226(co)15(v)15(ers)-226(a)-226(lar)18(ge)-226(geogr)-1(aphical)-226(re)15(gion)-226(of)-226(the)]TJ T*[(w)10(orld)-264(and)-264(each)-263(runs)-264(a)-264(single)-263(O)-1(SPF)-263(backbone)-264(area.)-351(Both)-264(the)-264(back-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(bone)-341(and)-342(the)-341(stub)-342(areas)-341(monitored)-342(are)-341(within)-341(the)-342(same)-341(AS.)-342(Data)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(as)-291(collected)-291(until)-290(December)-291(2006,)-301(be)15(ginning)-291(from)-291(the)-291(backbone)]TJ T*[(area)-252(in)-253(No)15(v)15(ember)-252(2004,)-253(and)-252(from)-252(the)-253(stub)-252(area)-252(in)-253(June)-252(2004.)-317(Data)]TJ T*[(collection)-230(w)10(as)-229(a)-1(lmost)-229(continuous)-230(with)-230(about)-229(six)-230(short)-230(\(roughly)-230(one)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(day)-316(each\))-315(g)5(aps)-315(pe)-1(r)-315(year)-315(in)-316(the)-315(stub)-316(area)-315(trace,)-332(and)-316(approximately)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(one)-344(such)-344(g)5(ap)-344(per)-344(year)-344(in)-344(the)-344(backbone)-344(a)-1(rea)-344(trace.)-592(The)-344(stub)-344(area)]TJ T*[(trace)-363(also)-364(e)15(xperienced)-363(about)-363(four)-363(lar)17(ger)-363(g)5(aps)-363(\(roughly)-363(one)-364(week)]TJ T*[(each\))-250(o)15(v)15(er)-250(its)-250(entirety)65(.)]TJ 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-348(adv)15(ertises)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.0704 0 Td (links)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.889 0 Td [(,)-373(which)-348(may)-348(represent)-349(either)-348(a)-348(pre\002x)-348(di-)]TJ -9.9595 -1.1666 Td [(rectly)-360(adv)14(ertised)-360(by)-360(a)-361(router)40(,)-388(a)-360(ph)5(ysical)-361(connection)-360(between)-361(tw)10(o)]TJ T*[(routers)-263(\(point-to-point)-262(or)-263(shared)-262(media\),)-266(or)-263(pre\002x)15(es)-262(being)-263(summa-)]TJ T*[(rized)-319(into)-320(this)-319(area)-320(from)-319(a)-319(neighboring)-320(area.)-518(T)80(able)-319(1)-320(summarizes)]TJ T*[(the)-250(characteristics)-250(of)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(e)15(xtracted)-250(f)-1(rom)-250(the)-250(OSPF)-250(data.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 53.798 341.065 Tm [(7.2)-1000(Ov)10(erhead)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 62.765 328.113 Tm [(W)80(e)-296(e)15(xam)-1(ine)-296(tw)10(o)-296(type)-1(s)-296(of)-296(o)15(v)15(erh)-1(ead)-296(incurred)-297(by)-296(netw)10(ork)-297(e)15(xcep-)]TJ -1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(tion)-249(handlers.)-309(First,)-249(the)-249(total)-248(traf)25(\002c)-249(required)-249(to)-248(distrib)20(ute)-249(the)-249(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(ogy)-285(across)-285(the)-284(netw)10(ork.)-414(Secon)-1(d,)-293(the)-285(amount)-284(of)-285(traf)25(\002c)-285(incurred)-285(by)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(distrib)20(uting)-363(the)-364(metrics)-363(the)-363(top)-1(ology)-363(is)-363(annotated)-364(with,)-391(e.g.,)-364(link)]TJ T*[(load)-250(or)-250(link)-250(cost.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(Li)10(v)10(e)-290(topology)-290(distrib)20(ution.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 11.8328 0 Td [(There)-290(are)-290(three)-290(components)-290(to)-290(the)]TJ -12.8329 -1.1667 Td [(o)15(v)15(erhead)-300(of)-300(distrib)20(uting)-301(the)-300(li)25(v)15(e)-300(netw)10(ork)-300(topology:)-410(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 21.3875 0 Td (i)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.278 0 Td [(\))-300(the)-300(recei)25(v)15(e)]TJ -21.6655 -1.1666 Td [(bandwidth)-226(at)-226(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.4545 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5822 0 Td [(designated)-226(to)-226(g)5(ather)-226(the)-227(topology)-226(of)-226(its)-226(area;)]TJ -9.0367 -1.1667 Td (\()Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.333 0 Td (ii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.556 0 Td [(\))-392(the)-392(tran)-1(smit)-392(bandwidth)-392(at)-392(each)-393(such)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 16.1879 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.748 0 Td [(to)-392(transmit)-393(its)-392(area)]TJ -18.825 -1.1667 Td [(topology)-283(to)-284(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.2389 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.356 0 Td [(s;)-300(and)-283(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.0271 0 Td (iii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.834 0 Td [(\))-283(the)-283(r)-1(ecei)25(v)15(e)-283(bandwidth)-283(at)-283(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 12.8776 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf -25.3337 -1.1667 Td [(required)-250(to)-250(recei)25(v)15(e)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(of)-250(all)-250(area)-1(s.)]TJ 1 -1.1666 Td [(The)-246(\002rst)-246(component)-246(is)-245(v)15(ery)-246(small,)-247(with)-246(median)-245(v)25(alues)-246(of)-246(71)-167(Bps)]TJ -1 -1.4305 Td [(and)-266(70)-167(Bps)-265(for)-266(our)-266(core)-266(and)-266(stub)-265(area)-1(s)-265(respecti)25(v)15(ely)65(.)-358(Ev)15(en)-266(the)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 24.8064 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0279 0.4248 Td (th)Tj -25.8342 -1.5916 Td [(percentiles)-431(for)-432(each)-431(are)-432(only)-431(1.5)-167(kBps)-431(\(backbone\))-432(and)-431(1.6)-167(kBps)]TJ T*[(\(stub\).)-742(This)-393(is)-394(a)-394(ne)15(gligible)-394(o)15(v)15(erhead)-394(for)-394(a)-394(serv)15(er)20(-class)-394(machine)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(to)-250(collect.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-292(second)-292(component)-292(is)-292(similarly)-292(ne)15(glig)-1(ible)-292(since)-292(most)-292(of)-292(the)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-231(traf)25(\002c)-232(does)-231(not)-232(actually)-231(report)-232(an)15(y)-231(changes)-231(to)-232(the)-231(area)-232(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(ogy)65(,)-304(being)-293(simp)-1(ly)-293(HELLO)-293(pack)10(ets)-293(and)-294(refreshes)-293(of)-293(e)15(xisting)-294(state.)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(Only)-292(topology-chan)-1(ging)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 10.1398 0 Td [(e)15(vents)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.484 0 Td [(,)-303(i.e.,)-292(addition)-292(of)-293(ne)25(w)-292(links,)-303(f)10(ailure)]TJ -12.6239 -1.1667 Td [(or)-270(reco)15(v)14(ery)-270(of)-270(e)15(xisting)-271(links,)-275(or)-271(link)-270(weight)-271(modi\002cations,)-275(need)-271(to)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(be)-339(redistrib)20(uted.)-578(Examining)-340(e)25(v)15(ents)-339(at)-340(the)-339(granularity)-339(of)-340(seconds,)]TJ T*[(we)-313(see)-314(that)-313(only)-313(0.002%)-314(of)-313(the)-313(total)-314(second-interv)25(als)-313(for)-313(the)-314(stub)]TJ T*[(area,)-427(and)-392(only)-392(0.000007%)-392(of)-391(seco)-1(nd-interv)25(als)-391(for)-392(the)-392(core)-392(area,)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(contain)-324(e)25(v)15(en)-325(a)-324(single)-324(e)25(v)15(ent.)-533(The)-325(b)20(urstiness)-324(is)-324(similarly)-325(lo)25(w)65(,)-343(with)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 313.425 737.803 cm 0.398 w 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -258.515 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -479.288 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 726.422 Tm [(SiteNames)-250(=)-250([\223Cambridge\224];)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(Threshold)-250(=)-250(100MB;)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(boolean)-250(Exception\(Netw)15(orkState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 656.519 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 39.529 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -656.519 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 690.556 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 671.722 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 15.272 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -671.722 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 681.59 Tm (siteLoad)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.6951 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -4.7871 -1.125 Td (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (siteLoad)Tj /F74 1 Tf 3.695 0 Td (>)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0764 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.994 0 Td (true)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 671.722 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -671.722 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 661.736 Tm [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.9941 0 Td (false)Tj /F56 1 Tf -4.7772 -1.4685 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(F)40(ire)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(HostState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 617.82 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 10.716 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -617.82 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 623.132 Tm [(Re)15(gister\(Handler\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf -1.7831 -1.4804 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(Handler)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(Hoststate\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 491.849 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 98.076 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -491.849 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 584.434 Tm [(if)-250(not)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.5 0 Td (Exception\(NetworkState\))Tj /F56 1 Tf 10.3041 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 573.343 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 7.528 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -573.343 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 575.467 Tm [(Remo)15(v)15(eAllRestrictions\(\);)-250(DeRe)15(gister\(Handler\);)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 19.4521 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 573.343 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -573.343 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 562.914 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 499.022 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 60.33 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -499.022 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 553.948 Tm [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.1021 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ -7.1941 -1.125 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.18 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td (/)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.5281 0 Td [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -8.0691 -1.1251 Td [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (app)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.7499 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0841 0 Td [(Hoststate)15(.Apps)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 6.263 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 358.805 503.007 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 29.533 l S 1 0 0 1 -358.805 -503.007 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 368.411 527.049 Tm (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (app.isLowPriority)Tj /F56 1 Tf 7.557 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 373.016 506.992 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 16.494 l S 1 0 0 1 -373.016 -506.992 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 382.623 518.083 Tm (bwCap)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.0839 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(app.UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.3241 0 Td (*)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.7501 0 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf -13.25 -1.1251 Td [(SetRestriction\(app,)-250(maxBandwidth)-250(=)-250(bwCap\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 373.414 506.992 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -499.022 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 485.361 Tm (end)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 558.904 479.288 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -245.479 -0.398 cm 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -478.89 cm BT 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 470.719 Tm [(Figur)18(e)-373(8:)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 357.856 470.719 Tm [(Netw)10(ork)-373(e)15(xception)-373(handler)-374(to)-373(smooth)-373(upstream)-373(traf)25(\002c)-374(by)]TJ -5.1498 -1.125 Td [(rate-limiting)-395(lo)25(w)-394(priority)-395(applications)-394(at)-395(b)20(usy)-394(periods.)-744(The)-394(threshold)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(may)-250(be)-250(speci\002ed)-250(by)-250(historical)-250(data.)]TJ 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 423.401 Tm (the)Tj /F31 1 Tf 1.4138 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0278 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2855 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0278 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.0003 -0.4248 Td [(percentiles)-192(at)-192(just)-191(10)-192(e)25(v)15(ents)-192(for)-192(both)-191(are)-1(as,)-203(and)-192(the)-191(ma)-1(x-)]TJ -4.7552 -1.1667 Td [(imum)-285(number)-285(of)-285(e)25(v)14(ents)-285(observ)15(ed)-285(in)-285(an)15(y)-285(single)-285(second)-286(standing)-285(at)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(just)-203(91)-1(.)-294(Assuming)-204(e)25(v)15(ents)-203(can)-204(be)-203(described)-204(in)-203(25)-167(bytes)-203(with)-204(40)-167(bytes)]TJ T*[(o)15(v)15(erhead)-328(for)-328(TCP/IP)-327(headers,)-347(this)-328(corresponds)-328(to)-328(a)-327(w)10(orst)-328(case)-328(of)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(around)-302(2.5)-167(kBps,)-315(and)-303(only)-302(700)-302(seconds)-303(o)15(v)15(er)-302(the)-302(three)-302(year)-303(period)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(ould)-315(require)-315(more)-314(than)-315(1.5)-167(kBps,)-331(i.e.,)-315(more)-314(than)-315(a)-315(single)-315(pack)10(et)]TJ T*[(per)-250(second.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-402(third)-403(component)-402(is)-402(less)-402(ne)15(gligible)-403(b)20(ut)-402(is)-402(still)-402(v)15(ery)-403(small.)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(In)-392(our)-392(lar)18(ge)-392(enterprise)-392(netw)10(ork,)-428(there)-392(are)-392(approximately)-392(62)-392(dis-)]TJ T*[(tinct)-388(OSPF)-388(areas)-387(and)-388(92)-388(separate)-388(Acti)25(v)15(e)-388(Directory)-388(domain)-388(con-)]TJ T*[(trollers.)-326(Assuming)-256(that)-255(topology)-256(distrib)20(ution)-255(w)10(as)-256(carried)-255(out)-256(using)]TJ T*[(some)-268(ef)25(\002cient)-268(mechanism)-268(such)-268(as)-268(nati)25(v)15(e)-268(IP)-268(multicast)-268(or)-268(a)-268(suitably)]TJ T*[(con\002gured)-280(application)-280(o)15(v)15(erlay)65(,)-288(this)-280(corresponds)-280(to)-280(a)-280(w)10(orst)-280(case)-280(of)]TJ 0 -1.4304 TD [(155)-167(kBps)-326(being)-326(deli)25(v)15(ered)-326(to)-326(92)-326(recei)25(v)15(ers,)-345(and)-326(a)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 19.7379 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0279 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2854 0 Td (9)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.5139 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.1595 -0.4248 Td (percentile)Tj -22.7246 -1.1667 Td [(of)-250(4)-167(kBps.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1 -1.1667 Td [(P)20(er)37(-link)-190(annotations.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 9.1743 0 Td [(Distrib)20(uting)-190(link-related)-190(information)-190(such)]TJ -10.1743 -1.1666 Td [(as)-291(cost)-291(and)-291(load)-290(requires)-291(a)-291(higher)-291(o)15(v)15(erhead)-291(compared)-291(to)-291(the)-291(o)15(v)15(er)20(-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(head)-252(of)-253(distrib)20(uting)-252(the)-252(topology)65(,)-253(b)20(ut)-252(o)15(v)14(erall)-252(is)-252(still)-252(not)-253(signi\002cant.)]TJ T*[(F)15(or)-263(e)15(xample,)-266(assume)-263(that)-263(up)-263(to)-263(\002fteen)-263(4)-1(-byte)-263(counters)-263(per)-263(link)-263(are)]TJ T*[(distrib)20(uted)-218(to)-217(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.521 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5736 0 Td [(e)25(v)15(ery)-218(5)-217(minutes,)-225(using)-217(a)-218(similar)-217(IP)-218(multicast)]TJ -9.0946 -1.1667 Td [(or)-364(ap)-1(plication)-364(o)15(v)15(erlay)-365(mechanism.)-653(This)-365(corresponds)-364(to)-365(approxi-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(mately)-242(100)-167(bytes)-242(per)-242(link)-242(e)25(v)15(ery)-242(5)-241(minu)-1(tes.)-307(Ev)15(en)-242(in)-242(a)-242(lar)18(ge)-242(netw)10(ork)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(with)-275(10,000)-275(lin)-1(ks)-275(this)-275(is)-275(a)-275(total)-275(o)15(v)14(erhead)-275(of)-275(just)-275(3)-167(kBps,)-281(and)-276(could)]TJ T*[(be)-250(reduced)-250(with)-250(more)-250(ef)25(\002cient)-250(encoding)-250(o)-1(f)-250(the)-250(per)20(-link)-250(v)25(alues.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(Thus,)-338(the)-320(total)-321(o)15(v)15(erhead)-320(of)-320(distrib)20(u)-1(ting)-320(the)-320(control)-321(information)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(required)-203(to)-202(emplo)10(y)-203(netw)10(ork)-202(e)15(xception)-203(handlers)-202(w)9(ould)-202(be)-203(ne)15(gligible)]TJ T*[(e)25(v)15(en)-250(in)-250(a)-250(lar)18(ge)-250(enterprise)-250(netw)10(ork.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 316.812 130.684 Tm (7.)Tj 1 Tc 0.75 0 Td (3)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.5 0 Td (Managin)Tj 0.23198 Tc 3.834 0 Td (g)Tj 0 Tc 0.732 0 Td (ban)Tj -0.01498 Tc 1.612 0 Td (d)Tj 0 Tc 0.541 0 Td (widt)Tj 0.23297 Tc 1.889 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.789 0 Td (wit)Tj 0.23199 Tc 1.333 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (exceptio)Tj 0.23199 Tc 3.499 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (han-)Tj -15.8049 -0.9753 Td [(han)(dlers)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 325.778 106.072 Tm [(W)80(e)-270(no)25(w)-269(e)25(v)25(aluate)-270(a)-269(concr)-1(ete)-269(e)15(xample)-270(of)-269(netw)10(ork)-270(e)15(xception)-270(han-)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(dlers)-276(using)-277(our)-276(enterprise)-276(netw)10(ork)-277(traf)25(\002c)-276(dataset)-276(described)-276(in)-277(Sec-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(tion)-318(7)-1(.1.)-515(In)-318(particular)40(,)-336(we)-319(describe)-318(a)-319(h)5(ypothetical)-318(scenario)-319(where)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD (a)Tj 0.34598 Tc 0.444 0 Td (n)Tj -0.015 Tc 0.846 0 Td (e)Tj 0 Tc 0.429 0 Td (xceptio)Tj 0.34698 Tc 2.944 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc 0.847 0 Td (handle)Tj 0.34599 Tc 2.666 0 Td (r)Tj 0 Tc 0.679 0 Td (i)Tj 0.34698 Tc 0.278 0 Td (s)Tj 0 Tc 0.736 0 Td (empl)Tj -0.00999 Tc 2 0 Td (o)Tj 0 Tc 0.49 0 Td (ye)Tj 0.34599 Tc 0.944 0 Td (d)Tj 0 Tc 0.846 0 Td (fo)Tj 0.34697 Tc 0.833 0 Td (r)Tj 0 Tc 0.68 0 Td (bandwidt)Tj 0.34599 Tc 3.722 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.846 0 Td (s)Tj -0.01999 Tc 0.389 0 Td (a)Tj 0 Tc 0.424 0 Td (ving)Tj 0.34698 Tc 1.778 0 Td (s)Tj 0 Tc 0.736 0 Td (through)Tj ET q /Fm1 Do Q endstream endobj 193 0 obj 20342 endobj 194 0 obj << /Length 195 0 R >> stream BT 0 g 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /F56 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Tr 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 722.061 Tm [(T)92(able)-447(1:)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 92.681 722.061 Tm [(T)92(opology)-447(data.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 7.3954 0 Td (Core)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.4469 0 Td [(links)-447(r)18(epr)18(esent)-447(ph)15(ysical)-446(connecti)10(v-)]TJ -14.7209 -1.3124 Td [(ity)70(.)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 1.679 0 Td (Leaf)Tj /F56 1 Tf 2.2769 0 Td [(links)-276(r)18(epr)18(esent)-276(adv)10(ertised)-276(pr)18(e\002xes,)-282(including)-276(summaries.)-388(An)]TJ /F69 1 Tf -3.9559 -1.3125 Td [(ev)15(ent)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 2.404 0 Td [(is)-250(a)-250(link)-250(that)-250(fails,)-250(r)18(eco)10(v)10(ers)-250(or)-250(has)-250(its)-250(weight)-250(r)18(econ\002gur)18(ed.)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.353 698.027 cm 0 G 0.498 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.353 -698.027 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.766 691.751 Tm (Area)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 689.061 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -689.061 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 166.496 691.751 Tm [(Backbone)-3100(Stub)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 688.563 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -1.793 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -686.77 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 115.985 680.493 Tm (Date)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 677.803 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -677.803 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 163.837 680.493 Tm [(2004-11-05)-1350(2004-06-16)]TJ -8.545 -1.125 Td [(Duration)-250(\(weeks\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 668.837 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -668.837 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 671.527 Tm [(111)-4516(128)]TJ -9.045 -1.1251 Td [(Gaps)-250(\(days\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 659.871 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -659.871 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 180.439 662.56 Tm [(3)-5266(56)]TJ -9.4626 -1.125 Td [(#Core)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 650.904 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -650.904 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 653.594 Tm [(175)-4766(42)]TJ -8.9065 -1.125 Td [(#Leaf)-250(links)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 641.938 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -641.938 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 174.462 644.628 Tm [(1123)-4016(1241)]TJ -9.3152 -1.1251 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(core\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 632.971 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -632.971 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 176.454 635.661 Tm [(183)-4516(720)]TJ -9.4541 -1.125 Td [(#Ev)15(ents)-250(\(leaf\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 156.415 624.005 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 1.794 0 cm 0.249 0 m 0.249 8.966 l S 1 0 0 1 -158.209 -624.005 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 170.476 626.695 Tm [(414090)-3016(270428)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 90.354 623.507 cm 0 0.249 m 164 0.249 l S 1 0 0 1 -90.354 -623.507 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 10.959 0 0 10.959 53.798 594.615 Tm [(T)92(opolo)10(gy)-250(Datasets)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 53.798 580.169 Tm [(The)-392(netw)10(o)-1(rk)-392(topology)-392(traces)-393(are)-392(e)15(xtracted)-393(from)-392(OSPF)-392(data)-393(col-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(lected)-267(fro)-1(m)-267(tw)10(o)-267(areas)-268(within)-267(CORPNET)74(,)-268(one)-267(a)-268(backbone)-267(area)-268(and)]TJ T*[(one)-349(a)-350(stub)-349(area.)-608(An)-350(autonomous)-349(system)-350(\(AS\))-349(running)-349(OSPF)-350(in-)]TJ T*[(ternally)-242(contains)-241(a)-242(single)-241(unique)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 13.1506 0 Td [(bac)20(kbone)-242(ar)37(ea)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.0911 0 Td [(which)-242(connects)-241(all)]TJ -19.2417 -1.1666 Td [(the)-320(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.9168 0 Td [(stub)-320(ar)37(eas)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.4919 0 Td [(in)-320(that)-320(AS;)-320(stub)-319(areas)-320(do)-320(not)-320(generally)-320(inter)20(-)]TJ -8.4086 -1.1667 Td [(connect)-319(directly)65(.)-515(CORPNET)-319(is)-318(split)-319(into)-318(four)-319(such)-318(A)-1(Ss,)-335(with)-319(the)]TJ T*[(AS)-348(numbers)-349(designated)-348(for)-349(pri)25(v)25(ate)-348(use)-349(and)-348(are)-348(not)-349(visible)-348(to)-349(the)]TJ T*[(Internet)-226(at)-226(lar)18(ge.)-302(Each)-226(AS)-226(co)15(v)15(ers)-226(a)-226(lar)18(ge)-226(geogr)-1(aphical)-226(re)15(gion)-226(of)-226(the)]TJ T*[(w)10(orld)-264(and)-264(each)-263(runs)-264(a)-264(single)-263(O)-1(SPF)-263(backbone)-264(area.)-351(Both)-264(the)-264(back-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(bone)-341(and)-342(the)-341(stub)-342(areas)-341(monitored)-342(are)-341(within)-341(the)-342(same)-341(AS.)-342(Data)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(as)-291(collected)-291(until)-290(December)-291(2006,)-301(be)15(ginning)-291(from)-291(the)-291(backbone)]TJ T*[(area)-252(in)-253(No)15(v)15(ember)-252(2004,)-253(and)-252(from)-252(the)-253(stub)-252(area)-252(in)-253(June)-252(2004.)-317(Data)]TJ T*[(collection)-230(w)10(as)-229(a)-1(lmost)-229(continuous)-230(with)-230(about)-229(six)-230(short)-230(\(roughly)-230(one)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(day)-316(each\))-315(g)5(aps)-315(pe)-1(r)-315(year)-315(in)-316(the)-315(stub)-316(area)-315(trace,)-332(and)-316(approximately)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(one)-344(such)-344(g)5(ap)-344(per)-344(year)-344(in)-344(the)-344(backbone)-344(a)-1(rea)-344(trace.)-592(The)-344(stub)-344(area)]TJ T*[(trace)-363(also)-364(e)15(xperienced)-363(about)-363(four)-363(lar)17(ger)-363(g)5(aps)-363(\(roughly)-363(one)-364(week)]TJ T*[(each\))-250(o)15(v)15(er)-250(its)-250(entirety)65(.)]TJ 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-348(adv)15(ertises)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.0704 0 Td (links)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.889 0 Td [(,)-373(which)-348(may)-348(represent)-349(either)-348(a)-348(pre\002x)-348(di-)]TJ -9.9595 -1.1666 Td [(rectly)-360(adv)14(ertised)-360(by)-360(a)-361(router)40(,)-388(a)-360(ph)5(ysical)-361(connection)-360(between)-361(tw)10(o)]TJ T*[(routers)-263(\(point-to-point)-262(or)-263(shared)-262(media\),)-266(or)-263(pre\002x)15(es)-262(being)-263(summa-)]TJ T*[(rized)-319(into)-320(this)-319(area)-320(from)-319(a)-319(neighboring)-320(area.)-518(T)80(able)-319(1)-320(summarizes)]TJ T*[(the)-250(characteristics)-250(of)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(e)15(xtracted)-250(f)-1(rom)-250(the)-250(OSPF)-250(data.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 53.798 341.065 Tm [(7.2)-1000(Ov)10(erhead)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 62.765 328.113 Tm [(W)80(e)-296(e)15(xam)-1(ine)-296(tw)10(o)-296(type)-1(s)-296(of)-296(o)15(v)15(erh)-1(ead)-296(incurred)-297(by)-296(netw)10(ork)-297(e)15(xcep-)]TJ -1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(tion)-249(handlers.)-309(First,)-249(the)-249(total)-248(traf)25(\002c)-249(required)-249(to)-248(distrib)20(ute)-249(the)-249(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(ogy)-285(across)-285(the)-284(netw)10(ork.)-414(Secon)-1(d,)-293(the)-285(amount)-284(of)-285(traf)25(\002c)-285(incurred)-285(by)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(distrib)20(uting)-363(the)-364(metrics)-363(the)-363(top)-1(ology)-363(is)-363(annotated)-364(with,)-391(e.g.,)-364(link)]TJ T*[(load)-250(or)-250(link)-250(cost.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1.0001 -1.1667 Td [(Li)10(v)10(e)-290(topology)-290(distrib)20(ution.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 11.8328 0 Td [(There)-290(are)-290(three)-290(components)-290(to)-290(the)]TJ -12.8329 -1.1667 Td [(o)15(v)15(erhead)-300(of)-300(distrib)20(uting)-301(the)-300(li)25(v)15(e)-300(netw)10(ork)-300(topology:)-410(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 21.3875 0 Td (i)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.278 0 Td [(\))-300(the)-300(recei)25(v)15(e)]TJ -21.6655 -1.1666 Td [(bandwidth)-226(at)-226(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.4545 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5822 0 Td [(designated)-226(to)-226(g)5(ather)-226(the)-227(topology)-226(of)-226(its)-226(area;)]TJ -9.0367 -1.1667 Td (\()Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.333 0 Td (ii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.556 0 Td [(\))-392(the)-392(tran)-1(smit)-392(bandwidth)-392(at)-392(each)-393(such)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 16.1879 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.748 0 Td [(to)-392(transmit)-393(its)-392(area)]TJ -18.825 -1.1667 Td [(topology)-283(to)-284(other)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.2389 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.356 0 Td [(s;)-300(and)-283(\()]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.0271 0 Td (iii)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.834 0 Td [(\))-283(the)-283(r)-1(ecei)25(v)15(e)-283(bandwidth)-283(at)-283(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 12.8776 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf -25.3337 -1.1667 Td [(required)-250(to)-250(recei)25(v)15(e)-250(the)-250(topologies)-250(of)-250(all)-250(area)-1(s.)]TJ 1 -1.1666 Td [(The)-246(\002rst)-246(component)-246(is)-245(v)15(ery)-246(small,)-247(with)-246(median)-245(v)25(alues)-246(of)-246(71)-167(Bps)]TJ -1 -1.4305 Td [(and)-266(70)-167(Bps)-265(for)-266(our)-266(core)-266(and)-266(stub)-265(area)-1(s)-265(respecti)25(v)15(ely)65(.)-358(Ev)15(en)-266(the)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 24.8064 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0279 0.4248 Td (th)Tj -25.8342 -1.5916 Td [(percentiles)-431(for)-432(each)-431(are)-432(only)-431(1.5)-167(kBps)-431(\(backbone\))-432(and)-431(1.6)-167(kBps)]TJ T*[(\(stub\).)-742(This)-393(is)-394(a)-394(ne)15(gligible)-394(o)15(v)15(erhead)-394(for)-394(a)-394(serv)15(er)20(-class)-394(machine)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(to)-250(collect.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-292(second)-292(component)-292(is)-292(similarly)-292(ne)15(glig)-1(ible)-292(since)-292(most)-292(of)-292(the)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(OSPF)-231(traf)25(\002c)-232(does)-231(not)-232(actually)-231(report)-232(an)15(y)-231(changes)-231(to)-232(the)-231(area)-232(topol-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(ogy)65(,)-304(being)-293(simp)-1(ly)-293(HELLO)-293(pack)10(ets)-293(and)-294(refreshes)-293(of)-293(e)15(xisting)-294(state.)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(Only)-292(topology-chan)-1(ging)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 10.1398 0 Td [(e)15(vents)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.484 0 Td [(,)-303(i.e.,)-292(addition)-292(of)-293(ne)25(w)-292(links,)-303(f)10(ailure)]TJ -12.6239 -1.1667 Td [(or)-270(reco)15(v)14(ery)-270(of)-270(e)15(xisting)-271(links,)-275(or)-271(link)-270(weight)-271(modi\002cations,)-275(need)-271(to)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(be)-339(redistrib)20(uted.)-578(Examining)-340(e)25(v)15(ents)-339(at)-340(the)-339(granularity)-339(of)-340(seconds,)]TJ T*[(we)-313(see)-314(that)-313(only)-313(0.002%)-314(of)-313(the)-313(total)-314(second-interv)25(als)-313(for)-313(the)-314(stub)]TJ T*[(area,)-427(and)-392(only)-392(0.000007%)-392(of)-391(seco)-1(nd-interv)25(als)-391(for)-392(the)-392(core)-392(area,)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(contain)-324(e)25(v)15(en)-325(a)-324(single)-324(e)25(v)15(ent.)-533(The)-325(b)20(urstiness)-324(is)-324(similarly)-325(lo)25(w)65(,)-343(with)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 313.425 737.803 cm 0.398 w 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 0 -258.515 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -479.288 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 726.422 Tm [(SiteNames)-250(=)-250([\223Cambridge\224];)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(Threshold)-250(=)-250(100MB;)]TJ /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(boolean)-250(Exception\(Netw)15(orkState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 656.519 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 39.529 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -656.519 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 690.556 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 671.722 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 15.272 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -671.722 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 681.59 Tm (siteLoad)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.6951 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -4.7871 -1.125 Td (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (siteLoad)Tj /F74 1 Tf 3.695 0 Td (>)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0764 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.994 0 Td (true)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 671.722 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -671.722 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 661.736 Tm [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.9941 0 Td (false)Tj /F56 1 Tf -4.7772 -1.4685 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(F)40(ire)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(HostState\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 617.82 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 10.716 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -617.82 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 623.132 Tm [(Re)15(gister\(Handler\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf -1.7831 -1.4804 Td (end)Tj /F69 1 Tf 0 -1.1251 TD [(v)15(oid)-250(Handler)-250(\(Netw)15(orkState,)-250(Hoststate\))]TJ /F56 1 Tf 0 -1.125 TD (begin)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 330.383 491.849 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 98.076 l S 1 0 0 1 -330.383 -491.849 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 584.434 Tm [(if)-250(not)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 2.5 0 Td (Exception\(NetworkState\))Tj /F56 1 Tf 10.3041 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 573.343 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 7.528 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -573.343 cm BT /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 575.467 Tm [(Remo)15(v)15(eAllRestrictions\(\);)-250(DeRe)15(gister\(Handler\);)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 19.4521 0 Td [(r)18(etur)15(n)]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 344.992 573.343 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -573.343 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 339.989 562.914 Tm [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (site)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.639 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0839 0 Td (Sitenames)Tj /F56 1 Tf 4.305 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 344.594 499.022 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 60.33 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.594 -499.022 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.2 553.948 Tm [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 6.1021 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(NetworkState)15(.Sites[site].UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ -7.1941 -1.125 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 2.18 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(Thr)37(eshold)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 4.269 0 Td (/)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.5281 0 Td [(upStr)37(eamLoad)]TJ /F56 1 Tf -8.0691 -1.1251 Td [(f)25(or)18(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 3.4281 0 Td (app)Tj /F56 1 Tf 1.7499 0 Td (in)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.0841 0 Td [(Hoststate)15(.Apps)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 6.263 0 Td (do)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 358.805 503.007 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 29.533 l S 1 0 0 1 -358.805 -503.007 cm BT 7.97 0 0 7.97 368.411 527.049 Tm (if)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.8611 0 Td (app.isLowPriority)Tj /F56 1 Tf 7.557 0 Td (then)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 373.016 506.992 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 16.494 l S 1 0 0 1 -373.016 -506.992 cm BT /F60 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 382.623 518.083 Tm (bwCap)Tj /F57 1 Tf 3.0839 0 Td (:=)Tj /F60 1 Tf 1.092 0 Td [(app.UpStr)37(eam.Load)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.3241 0 Td (*)Tj /F60 1 Tf 0.7501 0 Td [(r)15(atio)]TJ /F57 1 Tf -13.25 -1.1251 Td [(SetRestriction\(app,)-250(maxBandwidth)-250(=)-250(bwCap\))]TJ ET 1 0 0 1 373.414 506.992 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.211 -3.985 cm 0 0.199 m 3.985 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -344.992 -499.022 cm BT /F56 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 325.778 485.361 Tm (end)Tj ET 1 0 0 1 558.904 479.288 cm 0.199 0 m 0.199 258.515 l S 1 0 0 1 -245.479 -0.398 cm 0 0.199 m 245.878 0.199 l S 1 0 0 1 -313.425 -478.89 cm BT 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 470.719 Tm [(Figur)18(e)-373(8:)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 357.856 470.719 Tm [(Netw)10(ork)-373(e)15(xception)-373(handler)-374(to)-373(smooth)-373(upstream)-373(traf)25(\002c)-374(by)]TJ -5.1498 -1.125 Td [(rate-limiting)-395(lo)25(w)-394(priority)-395(applications)-394(at)-395(b)20(usy)-394(periods.)-744(The)-394(threshold)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(may)-250(be)-250(speci\002ed)-250(by)-250(historical)-250(data.)]TJ 8.966 0 0 8.966 316.812 423.401 Tm (the)Tj /F31 1 Tf 1.4138 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0278 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2855 0 Td (99)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.0278 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.0003 -0.4248 Td [(percentiles)-192(at)-192(just)-191(10)-192(e)25(v)15(ents)-192(for)-192(both)-191(are)-1(as,)-203(and)-192(the)-191(ma)-1(x-)]TJ -4.7552 -1.1667 Td [(imum)-285(number)-285(of)-285(e)25(v)14(ents)-285(observ)15(ed)-285(in)-285(an)15(y)-285(single)-285(second)-286(standing)-285(at)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(just)-203(91)-1(.)-294(Assuming)-204(e)25(v)15(ents)-203(can)-204(be)-203(described)-204(in)-203(25)-167(bytes)-203(with)-204(40)-167(bytes)]TJ T*[(o)15(v)15(erhead)-328(for)-328(TCP/IP)-327(headers,)-347(this)-328(corresponds)-328(to)-328(a)-327(w)10(orst)-328(case)-328(of)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(around)-302(2.5)-167(kBps,)-315(and)-303(only)-302(700)-302(seconds)-303(o)15(v)15(er)-302(the)-302(three)-302(year)-303(period)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(w)10(ould)-315(require)-315(more)-314(than)-315(1.5)-167(kBps,)-331(i.e.,)-315(more)-314(than)-315(a)-315(single)-315(pack)10(et)]TJ T*[(per)-250(second.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(The)-402(third)-403(component)-402(is)-402(less)-402(ne)15(gligible)-403(b)20(ut)-402(is)-402(still)-402(v)15(ery)-403(small.)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(In)-392(our)-392(lar)18(ge)-392(enterprise)-392(netw)10(ork,)-428(there)-392(are)-392(approximately)-392(62)-392(dis-)]TJ T*[(tinct)-388(OSPF)-388(areas)-387(and)-388(92)-388(separate)-388(Acti)25(v)15(e)-388(Directory)-388(domain)-388(con-)]TJ T*[(trollers.)-326(Assuming)-256(that)-255(topology)-256(distrib)20(ution)-255(w)10(as)-256(carried)-255(out)-256(using)]TJ T*[(some)-268(ef)25(\002cient)-268(mechanism)-268(such)-268(as)-268(nati)25(v)15(e)-268(IP)-268(multicast)-268(or)-268(a)-268(suitably)]TJ T*[(con\002gured)-280(application)-280(o)15(v)15(erlay)65(,)-288(this)-280(corresponds)-280(to)-280(a)-280(w)10(orst)-280(case)-280(of)]TJ 0 -1.4304 TD [(155)-167(kBps)-326(being)-326(deli)25(v)15(ered)-326(to)-326(92)-326(recei)25(v)15(ers,)-345(and)-326(a)]TJ /F31 1 Tf 19.7379 0 Td (99)Tj /F35 1 Tf 1.0279 0 Td (:)Tj /F31 1 Tf 0.2854 0 Td (9)Tj /F57 1 Tf 0.5139 0.4248 Td (th)Tj 1.1595 -0.4248 Td (percentile)Tj -22.7246 -1.1667 Td [(of)-250(4)-167(kBps.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 1 -1.1667 Td [(P)20(er)37(-link)-190(annotations.)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 9.1743 0 Td [(Distrib)20(uting)-190(link-related)-190(information)-190(such)]TJ -10.1743 -1.1666 Td [(as)-291(cost)-291(and)-291(load)-290(requires)-291(a)-291(higher)-291(o)15(v)15(erhead)-291(compared)-291(to)-291(the)-291(o)15(v)15(er)20(-)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(head)-252(of)-253(distrib)20(uting)-252(the)-252(topology)65(,)-253(b)20(ut)-252(o)15(v)14(erall)-252(is)-252(still)-252(not)-253(signi\002cant.)]TJ T*[(F)15(or)-263(e)15(xample,)-266(assume)-263(that)-263(up)-263(to)-263(\002fteen)-263(4)-1(-byte)-263(counters)-263(per)-263(link)-263(are)]TJ T*[(distrib)20(uted)-218(to)-217(each)]TJ /F60 1 Tf 7.521 0 Td (CC)Tj /F57 1 Tf 1.5736 0 Td [(e)25(v)15(ery)-218(5)-217(minutes,)-225(using)-217(a)-218(similar)-217(IP)-218(multicast)]TJ -9.0946 -1.1667 Td [(or)-364(ap)-1(plication)-364(o)15(v)15(erlay)-365(mechanism.)-653(This)-365(corresponds)-364(to)-365(approxi-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(mately)-242(100)-167(bytes)-242(per)-242(link)-242(e)25(v)15(ery)-242(5)-241(minu)-1(tes.)-307(Ev)15(en)-242(in)-242(a)-242(lar)18(ge)-242(netw)10(ork)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD [(with)-275(10,000)-275(lin)-1(ks)-275(this)-275(is)-275(a)-275(total)-275(o)15(v)14(erhead)-275(of)-275(just)-275(3)-167(kBps,)-281(and)-276(could)]TJ T*[(be)-250(reduced)-250(with)-250(more)-250(ef)25(\002cient)-250(encoding)-250(o)-1(f)-250(the)-250(per)20(-link)-250(v)25(alues.)]TJ 1 -1.1667 Td [(Thus,)-338(the)-320(total)-321(o)15(v)15(erhead)-320(of)-320(distrib)20(u)-1(ting)-320(the)-320(control)-321(information)]TJ -1 -1.1666 Td [(required)-203(to)-202(emplo)10(y)-203(netw)10(ork)-202(e)15(xception)-203(handlers)-202(w)9(ould)-202(be)-203(ne)15(gligible)]TJ T*[(e)25(v)15(en)-250(in)-250(a)-250(lar)18(ge)-250(enterprise)-250(netw)10(ork.)]TJ /F56 1 Tf 11.955 0 0 11.955 316.812 130.684 Tm (7.)Tj 1 Tc 0.75 0 Td (3)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.5 0 Td (Managin)Tj 0.23198 Tc 3.834 0 Td (g)Tj 0 Tc 0.732 0 Td (ban)Tj -0.01498 Tc 1.612 0 Td (d)Tj 0 Tc 0.541 0 Td (widt)Tj 0.23297 Tc 1.889 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.789 0 Td (wit)Tj 0.23199 Tc 1.333 0 Td (h)Tj 0 Tc 0.788 0 Td (exceptio)Tj 0.23199 Tc 3.499 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc -15.0169 -0.9753 Td [(han)(dlers)]TJ /F57 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 325.778 106.072 Tm [(W)80(e)-270(no)25(w)-269(e)25(v)25(aluate)-270(a)-269(concr)-1(ete)-269(e)15(xample)-270(of)-269(netw)10(ork)-270(e)15(xception)-270(han-)]TJ -1 -1.1667 Td [(dlers)-276(using)-277(our)-276(enterprise)-276(netw)10(ork)-277(traf)25(\002c)-276(dataset)-276(described)-276(in)-277(Sec-)]TJ 0 -1.1666 TD [(tion)-318(7)-1(.1.)-515(In)-318(particular)40(,)-336(we)-319(describe)-318(a)-319(h)5(ypothetical)-318(scenario)-319(where)]TJ 0 -1.1667 TD (a)Tj 0.34598 Tc 0.444 0 Td (n)Tj -0.015 Tc 0.846 0 Td (e)Tj 0 Tc 0.429 0 Td (xceptio)Tj 0.34698 Tc 2.944 0 Td (n)Tj 0 Tc 0.847 0 Td (handle)Tj 0.34599 Tc 2.666 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