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If we did know, could we implement the fix? Answer is no to both, for today s Internet Little to no conceptual understanding of how to address these issues Little to no ability to implement changes to the Internet architecture, except via point solutions that often make matters worse in the long run Analogy with programming languages in 80 s/90 s dominant standards in industry crowd out academic innovation; eventually more radical approaches succeedjZZ1ZiZ1ilInternet Myth: Thin WaistlSimple, universal end to end packet delivery service, implemented by multiple, cooperating service providersmmmInternet Reality: Thick WaistAny architectural change requires global agreement ISPs have little incentive or ability to evolve architecture result: ossification with feature creep,3e3en RIP ThesisjServices can only have two out of three among: multiprovider (e.g., planetary scale) high level interface (e.g., IP) evolvability Examples: IP, email, telephony, CDNs, multicast, & </T3/T3P/ $  "k"A New Model for Planetary ServicesRIP: horizontal, planetary-scale service providers At base, a virtual hardware abstraction (cycles and bit pipes to neighbors); layer planetary-scale services on top,3s3soWhy now? Rate of increase in cycles/$ >> internet bw/$ Jim Gray (2003): Cost of sending TCP ack = 500K instructions What about future? Moore s Law vastly understates potential for CPU improvement: 60% squared (density) * 30% (cycle time) * 20% (volume) Raw optics improving at a similar rate => captive backbones Cumulative improvement in the engineering of distributed systems We understand how to engineer secure, reliable, efficient distributed systems, if we aren't constrained by legacy systems.Z=ZZZBZzZ."="""B"z " ,)(#Overlays as a Disruptive TechnologyAdd a new layer to the network architecture overlay networks Challenges isolate services from each other and the Internet exploit planetary-scale cooperation/vantage points become the intermediary for WAN packets ,ZZ FZZ, lpEvolution RequirementsuAny new architecture needs to be: Incentive compatible for end users Opt-in at a fine-grain (hijack packets via name xlation) Overlay routing for reliability, bandwidth, latency PCP to manage legacy Internet paths Incentive compatible for hardware providers Avoid 95% charging intervals Win-win bilateral barter Self-managing, secure, evolvable as an engineered solution "Z#ZZ,Z7Z;ZZ"#,7;  uu!Example: Multiple ISP Negotiation rSummaryY Make security, manageability, efficiency, etc. engineering problems, not political onesZZ/p}$jPvQ*  ` ̙33` 3` 3333f` 999MMM` f` f3` 3>?" dd@(?" dd@  @ `"  n?" dd@  @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> ld (    Zgֳgֳ ?`0  T Click to edit Master title style! !:  Tgֳgֳ ?   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Instead I m going to talk about stuff that is a work in progress. So apologies in advance if I don t have all the answers. I got into CS because it s a great way to learn new things, and I do my research the same way. So the first question is: isn t the Internet done? After all, thanks to akamai and google I can almost always find stuff on the web when I need it. I m going to argue that vastly underestimates the potential of the Internet to be *the* way we communicate and access information  as researchers, we should be asking, how should we build a universal computer communication service? And we re a long way from understanding how to do that. Two data points: last year, the aggregate cost of viruses and spam was $150B; that is, connecting to the Internet cost more than the total aggregate profits of the software industry for its lifetime. Second, the red phone isn t going on the Internet anytime soon. And if we re serious that should be our goal  to understand how we can carry all communication, not just the unimportant bits.>FH  0ηo~ ? ̙33 0 P(  X  C      S 8 f    H  0ηo~ ? ̙33 0  G(   d  c $     s * 9 f   1Audience is homeland securityH  0ηo~ ? 33\ 0  l(   d  c $     s *8    VBThis is the key result of talk. It shows the price of autonomy in the Internet with Wiser. The graph and the table are in a format similar to the last slide and also contain the results from anarchy. We see that Wiser is remarkably close to the socially optimal. The worst 1% of the paths are inflated by only a factor of 1.5. This means that manual tuning of these paths is not necessary. This has two interesting corollaries: First, with Wiser, the presence of competing interests in internet do not lead to significant loss in social efficiency. Wiser is designed to be win-win, socially optimal is not win-win. My results show that the win-win restriction does not cause much efficiency loss in practice. The second corollary is that we can get most of gain of cooperation through the simple bilateral bartering of Wiser. More complicated multilateral cooperation mechanisms are not required. Since, wiser provides a bound on the price of autonomy in the internet, these results mean that the price of autonomy in the Internet is low.H  0ηo~ ? 3380___PPT10. Prt0hNU0A?sHV}hY[w]ctrfu ȚeIvOh+'0` px( 4@ ` l x 1Scout: A Communication-Oriented Operating SystemPoiLarry PetersoniRC:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Presentation Designs\high voltage.potr \P511Microsoft PowerPointoso@0: @תz:@h =@`X5GgGg  4  N--$MM--'@Times New Roman-.  2 31."System-@Times New Roman-. 3342 T2Evolving a Manageable Internet        .-@Times New Roman-. 2 | Tom Anderson  .-@Times New Roman-. +2 `University of Washington  .-,՜.+,0   On-screen Show]T O Times New Roman Wingdings HelveticaGeorgiaArialSIOEvolving a Manageable InternetInternet at an ImpasseWhat is to be done?Internet Myth: Thin WaistInternet Reality: Thick Waist RIP Thesis#A New Model for Planetary Services Why now?$Overlays as a Disruptive TechnologyEvolution Requirements"Example: Multiple ISP NegotiationSummary  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles Root EntrydO)@NEqPicturest{Current UserASummaryInformation(#_ Victor BahlVictor Bahl  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Picturest{Current UserSummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(>DocumentSummaryInformation8