{"id":262953,"date":"2016-07-21T08:51:16","date_gmt":"2016-07-21T15:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-project&#038;p=262953"},"modified":"2020-04-15T15:45:39","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T22:45:39","slug":"fastlmm","status":"publish","type":"msr-project","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/fastlmm\/","title":{"rendered":"FaST-LMM"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>NEW: Ludicrous speed LMM can run 1 million samples.<\/h2>\n<p>A version of FaST-LMM has now been optimized for use in the cloud and cloud sized data.\u00a0 If you are interested in reading about it, click <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/content\/early\/2017\/06\/23\/154682\">here<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0 If you are interested in using this, please click <a href=\"mailto:genomics@microsoft.com?Subject=GWAS%20use%20request&body=Please%20tell%20us%20a%20bit%20about%20your%20work.\">here<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> to\u00a0send an\u00a0email to genomics@microsoft.com with &#8220;GWAS use request&#8221; as the\u00a0subject.<\/p>\n<h3><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MicrosoftGenomics\/FaST-LMM\">Click here to download standard version of\u00a0FaST-LMM<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>FaST-LMM, (Factored Spectrally Transformed Linear Mixed Models) is a set of tools for efficiently performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS), prediction, and heritability estimation on large data sets. FaST-LMM runs on both Windows and Linux, and has been tested on data sets with over one million samples.<\/p>\n<p>The most up-to-date version of FaST-LMM is written in python and available on <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoftgenomics\">GitHub<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0 It supports univariate GWAS [1, 4], tests for epistasis, corrections for cellular heterogeneity via the inclusion of\u00a0principal components [2], set association\u00a0tests [3], and heritability estimation [5].\u00a0 A C++ version, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/download\/details.aspx?id=52614\">Windows binary<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/download\/details.aspx?id=52588\">Linux binary<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/download\/details.aspx?id=52559\">source<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>, supports univariate GWAS and limited epistatic testing. Another version supporting corrections for cellular heterogeneity is available in <u>python <\/u>and <u>R<\/u>.\u00a0 An example of\u00a0FaST-LMM\u00a0with cloud computing is\u00a0<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.technet.microsoft.com\/machinelearning\/2016\/05\/27\/predicting-traits-from-genomic-data-using-the-microsoft-azure-linux-data-science-vm\/\">here<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1] Lippert, J. Listgarten, Y. Liu, C.M. Kadie, R.I. Davidson, D. Heckerman. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/journal\/v8\/n10\/abs\/nmeth.1681.html\">FaST linear mixed models for genome-wide association studies.<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> <em>Nature Methods<\/em>, 8: 833-835, Oct 2011 (doi:10.1038\/nmeth.1681).<\/p>\n<p>[2] Zou, C. Lippert, D. Heckerman, M. Aryee, J. Listgarten. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/NMETH.2815\">Epigenome-wide association studies without the need for cell-type composition.<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> <em>Nature Methods<\/em>, 11: 309\u2013311, Jan 2014 (doi:10.1038\/nmeth.2815).<\/p>\n<p>[3] Lippert, Jing Xiang, Danilo Horta, Christian Widmer, Carl M. Kadie, D. Heckerman, J. Listgarten. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2014\/09\/07\/bioinformatics.btu504\">Greater power and computational efficiency for kernel-based association testing of sets of genetic variants.<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> <em>Bioinformatics<\/em>, 30, July 2014 (doi: 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu504).<\/p>\n<p>[4] Widmer, C. Lippert, O. Weissbrod, N. Fusi, C.M. Kadie, R.I. Davidson, J. Listgarten, and D. Heckerman. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/srep\/2014\/141112\/srep06874\/full\/srep06874.html\">Further Improvements to Linear Mixed Models for Genome-Wide Association Studies.<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> <em>Scientific Reports<\/em>, 4, 6874, Nov 2014 (doi:10.1038\/srep06874).<\/p>\n<p>[5] Heckerman, D. Gurdasani, C. Kadie, C. Pomilla, T. Carstensen, H. Martin, K. Ekoru, R.N. Nsubuga, G. Ssenyomo A. Kamali, P. Kaleebu, C. Widmer, and M.S. Sandhu. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/113\/27\/7377.abstract\">Linear mixed model for heritability estimation that explicitly addresses environmental variation<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>. <em>PNAS<\/em>, 113: 7377\u20137382, July 2016 (doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1510497113).<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"moray-accordion\" data-show=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"btn-group align-items-center mb-g float-sm-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"group\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-mount=\"collapse-controls\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-bi-aN=\"accordion-collapse-controls\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-target=\"#accordion-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"btn btn-link m-0\" aria-disabled=\"false\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-action=\"expand\" type=\"button\" data-bi-cN=\"Expand all\">Expand all<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span aria-hidden=\"true\"> | <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"btn btn-link m-0\" aria-disabled=\"false\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-action=\"collapse\" type=\"button\" data-bi-cN=\"Collapse all\">Collapse all<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"accordion\" id=\"accordion-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"m-0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"accordion-header\">\n\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"btn btn-collapse m-0\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-mount=\"collapse\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-target=\"#collapse-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"collapse-2\">\n\t\tClick here for a full annotated bibliography.\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"collapse\" id=\"collapse-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Univariate GWAS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] H. Kang, N. Zaitlen, C. Wade, A. Kirby, D. Heckerman, M. Daly, and E. Eskin, <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.genetics.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/178\/3\/1709\">Efficient Control of Population Structure in Model Organism Association Mapping<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>, Genetics, 178:1709-1723, March, 2008 (doi: 10.1534\/genetics.107.080101).<\/p>\n<p>Describes early efforts to make linear mixed models more computationally efficient.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Lippert<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, J. Listgarten<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, Y. Liu, C.M. Kadie, R.I. Davidson, D. Heckerman<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>.\u00a0<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/journal\/v8\/n10\/abs\/nmeth.1681.html\">FaST linear mixed models for genome-wide association studies<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nature Methods<\/em>, 8: 833-835, Oct 2011 (doi:10.1038\/nmeth.1681). (<sup>*<\/sup>equal contributions)<\/p>\n<p>Shows how exact linear-mixed-model computations can be performed in time and memory <em>linear<\/em> in the number of individuals when the number of SNPs used in the similarity matrix is less than the number of individuals (<em>i.e.,<\/em> when the similarity matrix is low rank). This work also describes an approach to select SNPs to achieve this condition with linkage-disequilibrium-based pruning. In addition, this work shows that computations are quadratic in time and memory when the similarity matrix is full rank.<\/p>\n<p>[3] J. Listgarten<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, C. Lippert<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, C.M. Kadie, R.I. Davidson, E. Eskin, D. Heckerman<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/journal\/v9\/n6\/abs\/nmeth.2037.html\">Improved linear mixed models for genome-wide association studies<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nature Methods<\/em>, 9: 525-526, June 2012 (doi:10.1038\/nmeth.2037). (<sup>*<\/sup>equal contributions)<\/p>\n<p>Describes a method for selecting SNPs for the linear-mixed-model similarity matrix by identifying SNPs that are predictive of the phenotype. A later publication [6] shows this approach yields poor control of type I error, whereas the original selection method in [2] performs well. This work also shows that the inclusion of irrelevant SNPs in the similarity matrix leads to inflated test statistics and reduced power, a phenomenon called \u201cdilution\u201d. Although an incorrect explanation for dilution is offered here, a correction is given in [5]. Finally, there is a bug in the analysis of the synthetic data, which makes the prediction-based selection method appear to perform better than it actually does.<\/p>\n<p>[4] J. Listgarten<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, C. Lippert<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, D. Heckerman<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ng\/journal\/v45\/n5\/abstract\/ng.2620.html\">FaST-LMM-Select for addressing confounding from spatial structure and rare variants<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nature Genetics <\/em>(2013) doi:10.1038\/ng.2620 (<sup>*<\/sup>equal contributions)<\/p>\n<p>Shows how the feature-selection method in [3] addresses an open problem in statistical genetics that had been published in Nature Genetics. Based on results in [6], however, we recommend that the selection approach in [2] be used instead.<\/p>\n<p>[5] C. Lippert<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, Gerald Quon, Eun Youg Kang, Carl M. Kadie, J. Listgarten<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, D. Heckerman<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>.\u00a0<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/srep\/2013\/130509\/srep01815\/full\/srep01815.html\">The benefits of selecting phenotype-specific variants for applications of mixed models in genomics<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<em>Scientific Reports<\/em>(2013) doi:10.1038\/srep01815 (<sup>*<\/sup>equal contributions)<\/p>\n<p>Describes additional experiments regarding the feature-selection method in [3] as applied to GWAS and prediction. Again, based on the results in [6], we recommend that the selection approach in [2] be used instead.<\/p>\n<p>[6] C. Widmer*, C. Lippert*, O. Weissbrod, N. Fusi, C.M. Kadie, R.I. Davidson, J. Listgarten, and D. Heckerman*.\u00a0<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/srep\/2014\/141112\/srep06874\/full\/srep06874.html\">Further Improvements to Linear Mixed Models for Genome-Wide Association Studies<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>. <em>Scientific Reports<\/em>, 4, 6874, Nov 2014 (doi:10.1038\/srep06874). (<sup>*<\/sup>equal contributions)<\/p>\n<p>Describes the latest version of FaST-LMM. It shows that selecting SNPs for the linear-mixed-model similarity matrix through pruning via linkage disequilibrium (as in [2]) works well to control type I error, whereas selecting SNPs that are predictive of the phenotype (as in [3]) does not.<\/p>\n<p>[7] C. Lippert and D. Heckerman. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/xrds.acm.org\/article.cfm?aid=2788502\">Computational and statistical issues in personalized medicine<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>. <em>XRDS<\/em> 21, 24-27, Summer 2015 (doi:10.1145\/2788502).<\/p>\n<p>Describes statistical issues in GWAS with linear mixed models from a graphical-model perspective.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Set Tests\u00a0for GWAS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[8] Listgarten<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, C. Lippert<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, Eun Youg Kang, Jing Xiang, Carl M. Kadie, D. Heckerman<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>.\u00a0<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/29\/12\/1526\">A powerful and efficient set test for genetic markers that handles confounders.<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a> <em>Bioinformatics<\/em>, 29:1526-1533, April 2013 (doi:10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt177). (<sup>*<\/sup>equal contributions)<\/p>\n<p>Shows that the LRT can be more powerful than a score test for set association tests. This work is limited to similarity matrices that are low rank and includes an efficient algorithm for this case. This limitation is relaxed in [9].<\/p>\n<p>[9] C. Lippert, Jing Xiang, Danilo Horta, Christian Widmer, Carl M. Kadie, D. Heckerman*, J. Listgarten. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/30\/22\/3206\">Greater power and computational efficiency for kernel-based association testing of sets of genetic variants<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<em>Bioinformatics<\/em>, 2014 (doi: 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu504). (*corresponding author)<\/p>\n<p>Makes theoretical arguments and demonstrates empirically that the LRT is often more powerful than the traditionally-used score test (e.g. SKAT). It also has exposition on how to do a number of algebraic computations for set tests with either a low- or full-rank background kernel efficiently.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Transformations\/Pre-processing for GWAS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[10] N. Fusi*, C. Lippert, N. D. Lawrence and O. Stegle*. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ncomms\/2014\/140919\/ncomms5890\/full\/ncomms5890.html\">Warped linear mixed models for the genetic analysis of transformed phenotypes<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>. <em>Nature Communications<\/em>, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>Shows how monotonically transforming the phenotype can increase power in genome-wide association studies and increase the accuracy of heritability estimation and phenotype prediction.<\/p>\n<p>[11] O. Weissbrod, C. Lippert, D. Geiger, and D. Heckerman.\u00a0 <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/journal\/vaop\/ncurrent\/full\/nmeth.3285.html\">Accurate liability estimation improves power in ascertained case-control studies<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0 <em>Nature Methods<\/em>, Feb 2015 (doi:10.1038\/nmeth.3285).<\/p>\n<p>Describes an approach to pre-process ascertained case-control-study data that leads to improved power when analyzed with a linear mixed model.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Epigenetic Cellular Heterogeneity Correction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[12] Zou, C. Lippert, D. Heckerman, M. Aryee, Jennifer Listgarten.\u00a0<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/journal\/v11\/n3\/abs\/nmeth.2815.html\">Epigenome-wide association studies without the need for cell-type composition<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nature Methods<\/em>, doi:10.1038\/NMETH.2815.<\/p>\n<p>Shows how FaST-LMM, with the inclusion of principal components (PCs) as covariates, can correct for the confounding effects of multiple cell types. Although a method for selecting PCs is presented here, the method in [6] is now recommended.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Epistatic Genome-Wide Association<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[13] Lippert<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, J. Listgarten<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, Robert Davidson, Scott Baxter, Hoifung Poon, Carl M. Kadie, D. Heckerman<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>.\u00a0<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/srep\/2013\/130122\/srep01099\/full\/srep01099.html\">An Exhaustive Epistatic SNP Association Analysis on Expanded Wellcome Trust Data<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>, <em>Scientific Reports<\/em>, 2013, doi:10.1038\/srep01099 (<sup>*<\/sup>equal contributions)<\/p>\n<p>Presents results for all pairwise-epistatic tests for all phenotypes in the WTCCC1 data, using a linear mixed model with a low-rank similarity matrix based on the feature-selection method in [3]. As described, based on the results in [6], we now recommend that the feature-selection method in [2] be used instead. The rank order of the hits may be approximately correct, and therefore we have left these results on the Azure marketplace <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/datamarket.azure.com\/dataset\/microsoftresearch\/epistasisgwas\">http:\/\/datamarket.azure.com\/dataset\/microsoftresearch\/epistasisgwas<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>GWAS for\u00a0&#8220;functional traits&#8221;\u00a0such as longitudinal traits<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[14] Fusi and J. Listgarten.\u00a0\u00a0Leveraging Non-Linear Genetic Effects on Functional Traits for GWAS,\u00a0<em>Proceedings of RECOMB 2016.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Introduces a model for performing GWAS for\u00a0vector-valued traits which vary smoothly in time.\u00a0The\u00a0framework is expressive and\u00a0computationally efficient, but the null model is not nested inside of the\u00a0alternative model, something we are currently\u00a0addressing in ongoing work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heritability estimation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[15] N. Furlotte, D. Heckerman, and C. Lippert.\u00a0 <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/jhg\/journal\/vaop\/ncurrent\/full\/jhg201415a.html\">Quantifying the uncertainty in heritability<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0 <em>Journal of Human Genetics<\/em> 27, March 2014 (doi: 10.1038\/jhg.2014.15).<\/p>\n<p>Applies the spectral-decomposition trick from FaST-LMM [2] to speed up Bayesian estimates of heritability.<\/p>\n<p>[16] Heckerman, D. Gurdasani, C. Kadie, C. Pomilla, T. Carstensen, H. Martin, K. Ekoru, R.N. Nsubuga, G. Ssenyomo A. Kamali, P. Kaleebu, C. Widmer, and M.S. Sandhu. <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/113\/27\/7377.abstract\">Linear mixed model for heritability estimation that explicitly addresses environmental variation<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>. <em>PNAS<\/em>, 113: 7377\u20137382 (doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1510497113).<\/p>\n<p>Describes a way to generalize linear mixed models to take spatial location into account when jointly modeling the influences of genomics and environment on traits.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NEW: Ludicrous speed LMM can run 1 million samples. A version of FaST-LMM has now been optimized for use in the cloud and cloud sized data.\u00a0 If you are interested in reading about it, click here.\u00a0 If you are interested in using this, please click here to\u00a0send an\u00a0email to genomics@microsoft.com with &#8220;GWAS use request&#8221; as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":267135,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"research-area":[13556,13553],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-262953","msr-project","type-msr-project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","msr-research-area-artificial-intelligence","msr-research-area-medical-health-genomics","msr-locale-en_us","msr-archive-status-active"],"msr_project_start":"2006-10-14","related-publications":[],"related-downloads":[],"related-videos":[],"related-groups":[],"related-events":[],"related-opportunities":[],"related-posts":[],"related-articles":[],"tab-content":[],"slides":[],"related-researchers":[],"msr_research_lab":[],"msr_impact_theme":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/262953"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/msr-project"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/262953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":415814,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/262953\/revisions\/415814"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/267135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=262953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"msr-research-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-area?post=262953"},{"taxonomy":"msr-locale","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-locale?post=262953"},{"taxonomy":"msr-impact-theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-impact-theme?post=262953"},{"taxonomy":"msr-pillar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-pillar?post=262953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}