The tail-recursion modulo _cons_ transformation can rewrite functions that are
\nnot quite tail-recursive into a tail-recursive form that can be executed
\nefficiently. In this article we generalize tail recursion modulo _cons_ (TRMc)
\nto modulo _contexts_ (TRMC), and calculate a general TRMC algorithm from its
\nspecification. We can instantiate our general algorithm by providing an
\nimplementation of application and composition on abstract contexts, and showing
\nthat our _context laws_ hold. We provide some known instantiations of TRMC,
\nnamely modulo _evaluation contexts_ (CPS), and _associative operations_, and further
\ninstantiations not so commonly associated with TRMC, such as
\n_defunctionalized_ evaluation contexts, _monoids_, _semirings_,
\n_exponents_, and _cons products_. We study the modulo _cons_ instantiation in particular and prove
\nthat an instantiation using Minamide’s hole calculus is sound. We also
\ncalculate a second instantiation in terms of the Perceus heap semantics to
\nprecisely reason about the soundness of in-place update. While all previous
\napproaches to TRMc fail in the presence of non-linear control (for example
\ninduced by call\/cc, shift\/reset or algebraic effect handlers), we can elegantly
\nextend the heap semantics to a hybrid approach which dynamically adapts to
\nnon-linear control flow. We have a full implementation of hybrid TRMc in the
\nKoka language and our benchmark shows the TRMc transformed functions are always
\nas fast or faster than using manual alternatives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The tail-recursion modulo _cons_ transformation can rewrite functions that are not quite tail-recursive into a tail-recursive form that can be executed efficiently. In this article we generalize tail recursion modulo _cons_ (TRMc) to modulo _contexts_ (TRMC), and calculate a general TRMC algorithm from its specification. We can instantiate our general algorithm by providing an implementation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"msr-content-type":[3],"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13560],"msr-publication-type":[193715],"msr-product-type":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-platform":[],"msr-download-source":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-field-of-study":[249202],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-1039398","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-programming-languages-software-engineering","msr-locale-en_us","msr-field-of-study-programming-language"],"msr_publishername":"","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2024-5-1","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"under submission to JFP.","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"This is an extended version of the POPL'23 publication under submission to a special issue of the Journal of Functional Programming (JFP). Extended topics include an improved TRMC algorithm, composing contexts, _field_ contexts, and first-class constructor contexts.","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/05\/trmc-jfp-664eb3438fc91.pdf","id":"1039407","title":"trmc-jfp-664eb3438fc91","label_id":"243109","label":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_attachments":[{"id":1039407,"url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/05\/trmc-jfp-664eb3438fc91.pdf"},{"id":1039404,"url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2024\/05\/trmc-jfp.pdf"}],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Daan Leijen","user_id":31497,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Daan Leijen"},{"type":"text","value":"Anton Lorenzen","user_id":0,"rest_url":false}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[199565],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[144812],"msr_project":[170943],"publication":[],"video":[],"download":[],"msr_publication_type":"article","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/1039398"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/msr-research-item"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/1039398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1039401,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/1039398\/revisions\/1039401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1039398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"msr-content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-content-type?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-research-highlight","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-highlight?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-research-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-area?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publication-type?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-product-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-product-type?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-focus-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-focus-area?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-platform","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-platform?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-download-source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-download-source?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-locale","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-locale?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-field-of-study","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-field-of-study?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-conference","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-conference?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-journal","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-journal?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-impact-theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-impact-theme?post=1039398"},{"taxonomy":"msr-pillar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-pillar?post=1039398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}