We introduce a new type of cryptographic primitives which enforce high communication or storage complexity. Intuitively, to evaluate these primitives on a random input one has to engage in a protocol of high communication complexity, or one has to use a lot of storage. Therefore, the ability to compute these primitives constitutes certain \u201cproof of work,\u201d because the computing party is forced to contribute a lot of its communication or storage resources to this task. Such primitives can be used in applications which deal with non-malicious but sel\ufb01shly resource-maximizing parties. For example, they can be useful in constructing peer-to-peer systems which are robust against so called \u201cfree riders.\u201d In this paper we de\ufb01ne two such primitives, a communication enforcing signature and a storage-enforcing commitment scheme, and we give constructions for both.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
We introduce a new type of cryptographic primitives which enforce high communication or storage complexity. Intuitively, to evaluate these primitives on a random input one has to engage in a protocol of high communication complexity, or one has to use a lot of storage. 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