Correctness of a fault-tolerant system hinges on the failure model, which typically constrains the number of concurrent failures in the system. These assumptions are sometimes violated in practice, inevitably leading to degraded system behavior that deviates from the system\u2019s speci\ufb01cation and even causing complete unavailability of the system. This paper advocates the notion of graceful degradation as a complementary mechanism to fault tolerance in the design of highly available distributed systems. It provides three speci\ufb01cations for meaningful system behavior under degradation. The di\ufb00erent speci\ufb01cations capture di\ufb00erent tradeo\ufb00s between the gracefulness of degradation and the semantics preserved by a degraded view. The paper further demonstrates the practical relevance of the speci\ufb01cations by presenting three designs of versioned distributed storage systems that implement the speci\ufb01cations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Correctness of a fault-tolerant system hinges on the failure model, which typically constrains the number of concurrent failures in the system. These assumptions are sometimes violated in practice, inevitably leading to degraded system behavior that deviates from the system\u2019s speci\ufb01cation and even causing complete unavailability of the system. 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