{"id":151395,"date":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/msr-research-item\/a-three-dimensional-user-interface-for-neurosurgical-visualization\/"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:39:00","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:39:00","slug":"a-three-dimensional-user-interface-for-neurosurgical-visualization","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/a-three-dimensional-user-interface-for-neurosurgical-visualization\/","title":{"rendered":"A Three-Dimensional User Interface for Neurosurgical Visualization"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"asset-content\">\n<p>We describe a 3-D user interface for preoperative neurosurgical planning based on the physical manipulation of familiar real-world objects in free space. Using these passive interface props, neurosurgeons can apply their existing skills to specify spatial relationships in a natural and direct manner. The interface currently employs a head viewing prop, a cutting-plane selection prop, and a trajectory selection prop. Each prop is a simple real-world tool, the position and orientation of which is tracked by the computer. The behaviors associated with each prop serve as &#8216;interaction primitives&#8217; which can be composited to describe complex spatial relationships, resulting in a powerful, expressive, and conceptually simpler user interface. From the surgeon&#8217;s perspective, the interface is analogous to holding a miniature skull which can be &#8216;sliced&#8217; and &#8216;pointed to&#8217; using the cutting-plane and trajectory props. Our informal evaluation sessions have shown that with a cursory introduction, neurosurgeons who have never seen our interface can understand and use it without training.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .asset-content --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We describe a 3-D user interface for preoperative neurosurgical planning based on the physical manipulation of familiar real-world objects in free space. Using these passive interface props, neurosurgeons can apply their existing skills to specify spatial relationships in a natural and direct manner. The interface currently employs a head viewing prop, a cutting-plane selection prop, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","footnotes":""},"msr-content-type":[3],"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13552,13553],"msr-publication-type":[193716],"msr-product-type":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-platform":[],"msr-download-source":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-151395","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-hardware-devices","msr-research-area-medical-health-genomics","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"1994-04-01","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"211737","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","title":"mi94.pdf","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/mi94.pdf","id":211737,"label_id":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_attachments":[{"id":211737,"url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/mi94.pdf"}],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"text","value":"John C. Goble","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"kenh","user_id":32521,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=kenh"},{"type":"text","value":"Neal F. 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