An object invariant defines what it means for an object\u2019s data to be in a consistent state. Object invariants are central to the design and correctness of object-oriented programs. This paper defines a programming methodology for using object invariants. The methodology, which enriches a program\u2019s state space to express when each object invariant holds, deals with owned object components, ownership transfer, and subclassing, and is expressive enough to allow many interesting object-oriented programs to be specified and verified. Lending itself to sound modular verification, the methodology also provides a solution to the problem of determining what state a method is allowed to modify.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
An object invariant defines what it means for an object\u2019s data to be in a consistent state. Object invariants are central to the design and correctness of object-oriented programs. This paper defines a programming methodology for using object invariants. The methodology, which enriches a program\u2019s state space to express when each object invariant holds, deals […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","footnotes":""},"msr-content-type":[3],"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13560],"msr-publication-type":[193715],"msr-product-type":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-platform":[],"msr-download-source":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-153741","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-programming-languages-software-engineering","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"","msr_edition":"Journal of Object Technology, Special issue: ECOOP 2003 workshop on FTfJP","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2004-06-01","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"27-56","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"Journal of Object Technology, Special issue","msr_volume":"3","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"6","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"Published as Technical Report 408 from ETH Zurich.","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"344930","msr_publicationurl":"http:\/\/www.jot.fm\/issues\/issue_2004_06\/article2.pdf","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","title":"Verification of Object-Oriented Programs With Invariants (Slides)","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2003\/07\/Object-invariants-FTfJP2003.ppt","id":344930,"label_id":0},{"type":"url","title":"http:\/\/www.jot.fm\/issues\/issue_2004_06\/article2.pdf","viewUrl":false,"id":false,"label_id":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_attachments":[{"id":0,"url":"http:\/\/www.jot.fm\/issues\/issue_2004_06\/article2.pdf"}],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"user_nicename","value":"mbarnett","user_id":32849,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=mbarnett"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"rdeline","user_id":33370,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=rdeline"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"maf","user_id":32771,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=maf"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"leino","user_id":32639,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=leino"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"schulte","user_id":33552,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=schulte"}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[],"msr_project":[169833],"publication":[],"video":[],"download":[],"msr_publication_type":"article","related_content":{"projects":[{"ID":169833,"post_title":"Spec#","post_name":"spec","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2004-06-11 11:30:47","post_modified":"2017-06-19 09:32:43","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/spec\/","post_excerpt":"Spec# is a formal language for API contracts (influenced by JML, AsmL, and Eiffel), which extends C# with constructs for non-null types, preconditions, postconditions, and object invariants. 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