{"id":159954,"date":"2010-06-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-06-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/msr-research-item\/clousot-static-contract-checking-with-abstract-interpretation\/"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:05:55","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:05:55","slug":"clousot-static-contract-checking-with-abstract-interpretation","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/clousot-static-contract-checking-with-abstract-interpretation\/","title":{"rendered":"Clousot: Static contract checking with Abstract Interpretation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"asset-content\">We present an overview of Clousot, our current tool to statically check CodeContracts. CodeContracts enable a compiler and languageindependent speci\ufb01cation of Contracts (precondition, postconditions and object invariants). Clousot checks every method in isolation using an assume\/guarantee reasoning: For each method under analysis Clousot assumes its precondition and asserts the postcondition. For each invoked method, Clousot asserts its precondition and assumes the postcondition. Clousot also checks the absence of common runtime errors, such as null-pointer errors, bu\ufb00er or array overruns, divisions by zero, as well as less common ones such as checked integer over\ufb02ows or \ufb02oating point precision mismatches in comparisons. At the core of Clousot there is an abstract interpretation engine which infers program facts. Facts are used to discharge the assertions. The use of abstract interpretation (vs usual weakest precondition-based checkers) has two main advantages: (i) the checker automatically infers loop invariants letting the user focus only on boundary speci\ufb01cations; (ii) the checker is deterministic in its behavior (which abstractly mimics the \ufb02ow of the program) and it can be tuned for precision and cost. Clousot embodies other techniques, such as iterative domain re\ufb01nement, goal-directed backward propagation, precondition and postcondition inference, and message prioritization.<\/div>\n<p><!-- .asset-content --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We present an overview of Clousot, our current tool to statically check CodeContracts. CodeContracts enable a compiler and languageindependent speci\ufb01cation of Contracts (precondition, postconditions and object invariants). Clousot checks every method in isolation using an assume\/guarantee reasoning: For each method under analysis Clousot assumes its precondition and asserts the postcondition. For each invoked method, Clousot [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"user_nicename","value":"maf"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"logozzo"}],"msr_publishername":"Springer Verlag","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"Formal Verification of Object-oriented software","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"MSR-TR-2010-102","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"","msr_page_range_end":"","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"","msr_doi":"","msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_mag_id":"","msr_pubmed_id":"","msr_other_authors":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_award":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_institution":"","msr_host":"","msr_version":"","msr_duration":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_s2_match_type":"","msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_published_date":"2010-06-01","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_notes":"Formal Verification of Object-oriented software","msr_longbiography":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_conference_url":"","msr_journal_url":"","msr_s2_pdf_url":"","msr_year":2010,"msr_citation_count":0,"msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_s2_match_confidence":0,"msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":true,"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_pub_ids":[],"msr_hide_image_in_river":0,"footnotes":""},"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13560],"msr-publication-type":[193718],"msr-publisher":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-159954","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-programming-languages-software-engineering","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"Springer Verlag","msr_edition":"Formal Verification of Object-oriented software","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2010-06-01","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"MSR-TR-2010-102","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"Formal Verification of Object-oriented software","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"221458","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","title":"Main.pdf","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/Main.pdf","id":221458,"label_id":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_citation_count":0,"msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_pdf_url":null,"msr_attachments":[{"id":221458,"url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/Main.pdf"}],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"user_nicename","value":"maf","user_id":32771,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=maf"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"logozzo","user_id":32727,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=logozzo"}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[],"msr_project":[169922],"publication":[],"video":[],"msr-tool":[],"msr_publication_type":"techreport","related_content":{"projects":[{"ID":169922,"post_title":"Code Contracts","post_name":"code-contracts","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2008-10-28 15:19:56","post_modified":"2017-06-06 08:52:45","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/code-contracts\/","post_excerpt":"Code Contracts provide a language-agnostic way to express coding assumptions in .NET programs. The contracts take the form of preconditions, postconditions, and object invariants. Contracts act as checked documentation of your external and internal APIs. The contracts are used to improve testing via runtime checking, enable static contract verification, and documentation generation. Code Contracts is now Open Source! Code Contracts is now an open source project in GitHub. 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