Location is rapidly becoming the next \u201ckiller application\u201d as location-enabled mobile handheld devices proliferate. One class of applications that has yet-to-emerge are those in which users have an incentive to lie about their location. These applications cannot rely solely on the users\u2019 devices to discover and transmit location information because users have an incentive to cheat. Instead, such applications require their users to prove their locations. Unfortunately, today\u2019s mobile users lack a mechanism to prove their current or past locations. Consequently, these applications have yet to take off despite their potential. This paper presents location proofs \u2013 a simple mechanism that enables the emergence of mobile applications that require \u201cproof\u201d of a user\u2019s location. A location proof is a piece of data that certi\ufb01es a receiver to a geographical location. Location proofs are handed out by the wireless infrastructure (e.g., a Wi-Fi access point or a cell tower) to mobile devices. The relatively short range of the wireless radios ensures that these devices are in physical proximity to the wireless transmitter. As a result, these devices are capable of proving their current or past locations to mobile applications. In this paper, we start by describing a mechanism to implement location proofs. We then present a set of six future applications that require location proofs to enable their core functionality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Location is rapidly becoming the next \u201ckiller application\u201d as location-enabled mobile handheld devices proliferate. One class of applications that has yet-to-emerge are those in which users have an incentive to lie about their location. 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