{"id":164198,"date":"2013-05-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-05-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/msr-research-item\/pinocchio-nearly-practical-verifiable-computation\/"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:10:24","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:10:24","slug":"pinocchio-nearly-practical-verifiable-computation","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/pinocchio-nearly-practical-verifiable-computation\/","title":{"rendered":"Pinocchio: Nearly Practical Verifiable Computation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"asset-content\">\n<p>To instill greater confidence in computations outsourced to the cloud, clients should be able to verify the correctness of the results returned. To this end, we introduce Pinocchio, a built system for efficiently verifying general computations while relying only on cryptographic assumptions. With Pinocchio, the client creates a public evaluation key to describe her computation; this setup is proportional to evaluating the computation once. The worker then evaluates the computation on a particular input and uses the evaluation key to produce a proof of correctness. The proof is only 288 bytes, regardless of the computation performed or the size of the inputs and outputs. Anyone can use a public verification key to check the proof.<\/p>\n<p>Crucially, our evaluation on seven applications demonstrates that Pinocchio is efficient in practice too. Pinocchio&#8217;s verification time is typically 10ms: 5-7 orders of magnitude less than previous work; indeed Pinocchio is the first general-purpose system to demonstrate verification cheaper than native execution (for some apps). Pinocchio also reduces the worker&#8217;s proof effort by an additional 19-60x. As an additional feature, Pinocchio generalizes to zero-knowledge proofs at a negligible cost over the base protocol. Finally, to aid development, Pinocchio provides an end-to-end toolchain that compiles a subset of C into programs that implement the verifiable computation protocol.<\/p>\n<p>For the full version of our paper, including a correction to the verification procedure, see http:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2013\/279<\/p>\n<p>Pinocchio&#8217;s source code is also available! Visit https:\/\/vc.codeplex.com for more info.<\/p>\n<p>Coverage from the MIT Technology Review: http:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/news\/515081\/microsoft-and-ibm-researchers-develop-a-lie-detector-for-the-cloud\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .asset-content --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To instill greater confidence in computations outsourced to the cloud, clients should be able to verify the correctness of the results returned. To this end, we introduce Pinocchio, a built system for efficiently verifying general computations while relying only on cryptographic assumptions. With Pinocchio, the client creates a public evaluation key to describe her computation; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"msr-content-type":[3],"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13558],"msr-publication-type":[193716],"msr-product-type":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-platform":[],"msr-download-source":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-164198","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-security-privacy-cryptography","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"IEEE","msr_edition":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and 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