Despite \ufb02ash memory\u2019s promise, it suffers from many idiosyncrasies such as limited durability, data integrity problems, and asymmetry in operation granularity. As architects, we aim to \ufb01nd ways to overcome these idiosyncrasies while exploiting \ufb02ash memory\u2019s useful characteristics. To be successful, we must understand the trade-offs between the performance, cost (in both power and dollars), and reliability of \ufb02ash memory. In addition, we must understand how different usage patterns affect these characteristics. Flash manufacturers provide conservative guidelines about these metrics, and this lack of detail makes it dif\ufb01cult to design systems that fully exploit \ufb02ash memory\u2019s capabilities. We have empirically characterized \ufb02ash memory technology from \ufb01ve manufacturers by directly measuring the performance, power, and reliability. We demonstrate that performance varies signi\ufb01cantly between vendors, devices, and from publicly available datasheets. We also demonstrate and quantify some unexpected device characteristics and show how we can use them to improve responsiveness and energy consumption of solid state disks by 44% and 13%, respectively, as well as increase \ufb02ash device lifetime by 5.2x.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Despite \ufb02ash memory\u2019s promise, it suffers from many idiosyncrasies such as limited durability, data integrity problems, and asymmetry in operation granularity. As architects, we aim to \ufb01nd ways to overcome these idiosyncrasies while exploiting \ufb02ash memory\u2019s useful characteristics. 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