{"id":321629,"date":"2016-11-14T17:58:44","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T01:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=321629"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:14:06","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:14:06","slug":"certainty-factors-belief-networks","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/certainty-factors-belief-networks\/","title":{"rendered":"From Certainty Factors to Belief Networks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script src=\"http:\/\/www.sdfsd\/plugins\/ua\/linkid.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/\/m.addthis.com\/live\/red_lojson\/300lo.json?si=582a6b7f803b780d&bl=1&pdt=391&sid=582a6b7f803b780d&pub=acm&rev=v7.7.2-wp&ln=en&pc=men&cb=0&ab=-&dp=dl.acm.org&fp=citation.cfm%3Fid%3D2232377.2232575&fr=&of=0&pd=0&irt=0&vcl=0&md=0&ct=1&tct=0&abt=0&cdn=0&pi=1&rb=0&gen=100&chr=utf-8&colc=1479175039819&jsl=4&uvs=582a6b7f55838a24000&skipb=1&callback=addthis.cbs.oln9_13501706567725940\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/\/m.addthisedge.com\/live\/boost\/acm\/_ate.track.config_resp\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"http:\/\/www.sdfsd\/analytics.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtm.js?id=GTM-NFGCMX\" async=\"\"><\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\/\/ <![CDATA[\n_cf_loadingtexthtml=\"<img alt=' ' src="http://approjects.co.za/?big=\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/resources\/cf\https://www.microsoft.com/images\/loading.gif"\/>\";\n_cf_contextpath=\"\";\n_cf_ajaxscriptsrc=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\";\n_cf_jsonprefix='\/\/';\n_cf_clientid='3954D8ED55875E03C481BF25DCB2261E';\n\/\/ ]]><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/messages\/cfmessage.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/package\/cfajax.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/cfform.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/masks.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/cfformhistory.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/package\/cfrichtexteditor.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/FCKeditor\/fckeditor.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/yui\/yahoo-dom-event\/yahoo-dom-event.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/yui\/animation\/animation-min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/adapter\/yui\/ext-yui-adapter.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/ext-core.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/package\/tabs\/tabs.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/package\/cflayout.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/package\/resizable.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/package\/dragdrop\/dragdrop.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/package\/util.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/build\/state\/State-min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/package\/widget-core.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/ext\/package\/dialog\/dialogs.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"\/CFIDE\/scripts\/ajax\/package\/cfwindow.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>The certainty-factor (CF) model is a commonly used method for managing uncertainty in rule-based systems. We review the history and mechanics of the CF model, and delineate precisely its theoretical and practical limitations. In addition, we examine the belief network, a representation that is similar to the CF model but that is grounded firmly in probability theory. We show that the belief-network representation overcomes many of the limitations of the CF model, and provides a promising approach to the practical construction of expert systems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The certainty-factor (CF) model is a commonly used method for managing uncertainty in rule-based systems. We review the history and mechanics of the CF model, and delineate precisely its theoretical and practical limitations. In addition, we examine the belief network, a representation that is similar to the CF model but that is grounded firmly in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","footnotes":""},"msr-content-type":[3],"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13556],"msr-publication-type":[193715],"msr-product-type":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-platform":[],"msr-download-source":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-321629","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-artificial-intelligence","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"1992-02-04","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"35-52","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"459768","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"10.1016\/0933-3657(92)90036-O","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","title":"from-certainty-factors-to-belief-networks","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/From-Certainty-Factors-to-Belief-Networks.pdf","id":459768,"label_id":0},{"type":"doi","title":"10.1016\/0933-3657(92)90036-O","viewUrl":false,"id":false,"label_id":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_attachments":[],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"user_nicename","value":"heckerma","user_id":31991,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=heckerma"},{"type":"text","value":"Edward H. 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