{"id":380516,"date":"2017-05-02T11:36:15","date_gmt":"2017-05-02T18:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&p=380516"},"modified":"2021-03-26T09:42:49","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T16:42:49","slug":"verified-low-level-programming-embedded-f","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/verified-low-level-programming-embedded-f\/","title":{"rendered":"Verified Low-Level Programming Embedded in F*"},"content":{"rendered":"

We present Low*, a language for low-level programming and verification, and its application to high-assurance optimized cryptographic libraries. Low* is a shallow embedding of a small, sequential, well-behaved subset of C in F*, a dependently- typed variant of ML aimed at program verification. Departing from ML, Low* does not involve any garbage collection or implicit heap allocation; instead, it has a structured memory model\u00a0\u00e0 la CompCert, and it provides the control required for writing efficient low-level security-critical code.<\/p>\n

By virtue of typing, any Low* program is memory safe. In addition, the programmer can make full use of the verification power of F* to write high-level specifications and verify the functional correctness of Low* code using a combination of SMT automation and sophisticated manual proofs. At extraction time, specifications and proofs are erased, and the remaining code enjoys a predictable translation to C. We prove that this translation preserves semantics and side-channel resistance.
\nWe provide a new compiler back-end from Low* to C and, to evaluate our approach, we implement and verify various cryptographic algorithms, constructions, and tools for a total of about 28,000 lines of code. We show that our Low* code delivers performance competitive with existing (unverified) C cryptographic libraries, suggesting our approach may be applicable to larger-scale low-level software.<\/p>\n

In cooperation with: INRIA Paris, Team Prosecco;\u00a0and MIT, CSAIL.<\/p>\n

Docker image (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0submitted to the ICFP 2017 artifact evaluation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We present Low*, a language for low-level programming and verification, and its application to high-assurance optimized cryptographic libraries. Low* is a shallow embedding of a small, sequential, well-behaved subset of C in F*, a dependently- typed variant of ML aimed at program verification. Departing from ML, Low* does not involve any garbage collection or implicit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","footnotes":""},"msr-content-type":[3],"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13560,13558],"msr-publication-type":[193716],"msr-product-type":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-platform":[],"msr-download-source":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-380516","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-programming-languages-software-engineering","msr-research-area-security-privacy-cryptography","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"ACM SIGPLAN","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2017-5-2","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"420297","msr_publicationurl":"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.00053","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/icfp17main-main96-p-5064b17-32755-submitted.pdf","id":"420297","title":"icfp17main-main96-p-5064b17-32755-submitted","label_id":"243109","label":0},{"type":"url","viewUrl":"false","id":"false","title":"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.00053","label_id":"243109","label":0},{"type":"doi","viewUrl":"false","id":"false","title":"10.1145\/3110261","label_id":"243109","label":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_attachments":[{"id":0,"url":"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.00053"}],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Jonathan Protzenko","user_id":33286,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Jonathan Protzenko"},{"type":"text","value":"Jean Karim Zinzindohoue","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Aseem Rastogi","user_id":36021,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Aseem Rastogi"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Tahina Ramananandro","user_id":36293,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Tahina Ramananandro"},{"type":"text","value":"Peng Wang","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Santiago Zanella-B\u00e9guelin","user_id":33518,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Santiago Zanella-B\u00e9guelin"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Antoine Delignat-Lavaud","user_id":31056,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Antoine Delignat-Lavaud"},{"type":"text","value":"C\u0103t\u0103lin Hri\u0163cu","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"text","value":"Karthikeyan Bhargavan","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"C\u00e9dric Fournet","user_id":31819,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=C\u00e9dric Fournet"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Nikhil Swamy","user_id":33138,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Nikhil Swamy"}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[],"msr_project":[235367,170698],"publication":[],"video":[],"download":[736231,736252],"msr_publication_type":"inproceedings","related_content":{"projects":[{"ID":235367,"post_title":"Project Everest","post_name":"project-everest-verified-secure-implementations-https-ecosystem","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2020-02-27 07:12:30","post_modified":"2023-02-15 01:49:37","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/project-everest-verified-secure-implementations-https-ecosystem\/","post_excerpt":"Project Everest aims to build and deploy a verified HTTPS stack, constructing a high-performance, standards-compliant, and\u00a0veri\ufb01ed implementation of the full HTTPS ecosystem.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/235367"}]}},{"ID":170698,"post_title":"The F* Project","post_name":"the-f-project","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2011-03-25 11:37:47","post_modified":"2019-08-19 15:17:27","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/the-f-project\/","post_excerpt":"F* is a verification-oriented dialect of ML. For more information, please visit https:\/\/fstar-lang.org or click on the logo below.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/170698"}]}}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/380516"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/msr-research-item"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/380516\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":481539,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/380516\/revisions\/481539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=380516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"msr-content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-content-type?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-research-highlight","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-highlight?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-research-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-area?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publication-type?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-product-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-product-type?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-focus-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-focus-area?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-platform","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-platform?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-download-source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-download-source?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-locale","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-locale?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-post-option","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-post-option?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-field-of-study","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-field-of-study?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-conference","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-conference?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-journal","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-journal?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-impact-theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-impact-theme?post=380516"},{"taxonomy":"msr-pillar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-pillar?post=380516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}