{"id":455070,"date":"2020-02-22T16:53:10","date_gmt":"2018-01-22T17:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=455070"},"modified":"2020-02-22T16:53:10","modified_gmt":"2020-02-23T00:53:10","slug":"rich-representations-visual-content-screen-reader-users-2","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/rich-representations-visual-content-screen-reader-users-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Rich Representations of Visual Content for Screen Reader Users"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Alt text<\/em> (short for \u201calternative text\u201d) is descriptive text associated with an image in HTML and other document formats. Screen reader technologies speak the alt text aloud to people who are visually impaired. Introduced with HTML 2.0 in 1995, the <em>alt<\/em> attribute has not evolved despite significant changes in technology over the past two decades. In light of the expanding volume, purpose, and importance of digital imagery, we reflect on how alt text could be supplemented to offer a richer experience of visual content to screen reader users. Our contributions include articulating the design space of representations of visual content for screen reader users, prototypes illustrating several points within this design space, and evaluations of several of these new image representations with people who are blind. We close by discussing the implications of our taxonomy, prototypes, and user study findings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alt text (short for \u201calternative text\u201d) is descriptive text associated with an image in HTML and other document formats. Screen reader technologies speak the alt text aloud to people who are visually impaired. Introduced with HTML 2.0 in 1995, the alt attribute has not evolved despite significant changes in technology over the past two decades. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","footnotes":""},"msr-content-type":[3],"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13554],"msr-publication-type":[193716],"msr-product-type":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-platform":[],"msr-download-source":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-455070","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-human-computer-interaction","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"ACM","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2018-4-21","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"455073","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/uploads\/prod\/2018\/01\https://www.microsoft.com/images_chi_two_appendices.pdf","id":"455073","title":"images_chi_two_appendices","label_id":"243109","label":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_attachments":[],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Meredith Ringel Morris","user_id":32884,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Meredith Ringel Morris"},{"type":"text","value":"Jazette Johnson","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"text","value":"Cynthia Bennett","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Ed Cutrell","user_id":31490,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Ed Cutrell"}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[199565],"msr_event":[472329],"msr_group":[283244,371909],"msr_project":[638784],"publication":[],"video":[],"download":[],"msr_publication_type":"inproceedings","related_content":{"projects":[{"ID":638784,"post_title":"Image Accessibility","post_name":"image-accessibility","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2020-02-25 16:46:03","post_modified":"2020-09-28 14:53:07","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/image-accessibility\/","post_excerpt":"Digital imagery pervades modern life. More than a billion images per day are produced and uploaded to social media sites, and we also encounter digital images within websites, apps, digital documents, and eBooks. Engaging with digital imagery is part of the fabric of participation in contemporary society, including education, the professions, e-commerce, civic participation , entertainment, and social interactions. However, most digital images remain inaccessible to the 39 million people worldwide who are blind. 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