{"id":602844,"date":"2019-08-10T09:23:57","date_gmt":"2019-08-10T16:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=602844"},"modified":"2022-04-11T10:44:55","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T17:44:55","slug":"towards-low-cost-soil-sensing-using-wi-fi","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/towards-low-cost-soil-sensing-using-wi-fi\/","title":{"rendered":"Towards Low Cost Soil Sensing Using Wi-Fi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>A farm\u2019s soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity (EC) readings are extremely valuable for a farmer. They can help her reduce water use and improve productivity. However, the high cost of commercial soil moisture sensors and the inaccuracy of sub-1000 dollar EC sensors have limited their adoption. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a system, called Strobe, that senses soil moisture and soil EC using RF propagation in existing Wi-Fi bands. Strobe overcomes the key challenge of limited bandwidth availability in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed spectrum using a novel multi-antenna technique. It maps the propagation time and amplitude of Wi-Fi signals received by different antennas to the soil permittivity and EC, which in turn depend on soil moisture and salinity. Our experiments with USRP, WARP, and commodity Wi-Fi cards show that Strobe can accurately estimate soil moisture and EC using Wi-Fi, thereby showing the potential of a future in which a farmer can sense soil in their farm without investing 1000s of dollars in soil sensing equipment.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A farm\u2019s soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity (EC) readings are extremely valuable for a farmer. They can help her reduce water use and improve productivity. However, the high cost of commercial soil moisture sensors and the inaccuracy of sub-1000 dollar EC sensors have limited their adoption. In this paper, we present the design and 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