Sarah Armstrong-Smith, Author at Microsoft Security Blog http://approjects.co.za/?big=en-us/security/blog Expert coverage of cybersecurity topics Thu, 10 Aug 2023 21:47:53 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.2 Becoming resilient by understanding cybersecurity risks: Part 4—navigating current threats http://approjects.co.za/?big=en-us/security/blog/2021/05/26/becoming-resilient-by-understanding-cybersecurity-risks-part-4-navigating-current-threats/ Wed, 26 May 2021 16:00:31 +0000 Learn how your infrastructure and security operations can make you vulnerable to insider threats, ransomware, weaponized AI, and more.

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In part three of this blog series on aligning security with business objectives and risk, we explored what it takes for security leaders to shift from looking at their mission as purely defending against technical attacks, to one that focuses on protecting valuable business assets, data, and applications.

As businesses begin reimagining their future in a post-pandemic world, most are pivoting to a digital-first approach to take full advantage of technological innovation (much of which was adopted in haste). The pandemic has accelerated three existing trends and the tension between them: how to remain relevant against a backdrop of consumer and market demands, how to react and respond to evolving cyber threats, and how to do this reliably while reducing complexity and cost.

Becoming a resilient organization requires collaboration between business and security leaders and a lifecycle approach to continuous improvement.

Visual chart depicting the four stages of the life cycle of an incident: Before, during, and after an incident and the lessons learned.

Figure 1. The cyclical stages of an incident.

In this blog, we delve deeper into specific themes in recent cyberattack trends—how and why they work so effectively—and strategies to mitigate them.

On-premises vs. cloud security

As we’ve seen from the progression of headline-grabbing attacks over the course of this blog series, today’s attackers have choices. They can remain on-premises and have a better chance of lingering unseen in the complexity of multiple generations of legacy technology, or they can elevate privileges and move to the cloud, where there’s a higher risk of detection. In the most recent nation-state attack, HAFNIUM took the path of least resistance and targeted organizations through on-premises Microsoft Exchange Servers, leveraging a zero-day exploit to gain backdoor access to data centers. After Microsoft released critical out-of-band updates, attackers were quick to seek out and compromise unpatched servers in a race to take advantage of the situation before those doors were closed.

The Exchange attack illustrates challenges faced by companies in managing a complex hybrid of on-premises and cloud that spans many generations of technology. For many organizations, it can be a costly operation to upgrade systems; so, security teams are often asked to protect both old and new technology at the same time. Organizations need to simplify the management of this complex mix because attackers are always looking for vulnerabilities. The good news is that cloud security is no longer just for cloud resources; it’s extending to cover on-premises resources, up to and including the 50 to 100-year-old operational technology (OT) equipment that’s controlled by computer technology retrofitted 30 to 50 years ago.

Your security team can reduce risk by prioritizing the cloud as the preferred source of security technology. This will simplify adoption, reduce maintenance overhead, ensure the latest innovations and capabilities, and provide unified visibility and control across multiple generations of technology. No longer are we just referring to cloud security, but rather security delivered from the cloud.

Ransomware

Criminal organizations are increasingly relying on cybercrime as a high-reward, low-risk (illicit) line of business. However, it’s the evolution of human-operated ransomware that’s now driving the business need to address longstanding security hygiene and maintenance issues. Ransomware’s evolution can be traced to WannaCry and NotPetya malware, which fused large-scale compromise techniques with an encryption payload that demanded ransom payments in exchange for a decryption key. Sometime around June 2019, the new generation of human-operated ransomware started infecting systems, expanding into an enterprise-scale operation that blends targeted attacks and extortion.

What makes human-operated ransomware so dangerous? Unlike most cyber threats, these are not preprogrammed attacks. Human attackers know the weaknesses in your networks and how to exploit them. Attacks are multistage and opportunistic—they might gain access via remote desktop protocol (RDP) brute force or through banking trojans, then decide which networks are most profitable. Like nation-state attacks, these breaches can have dwell times lasting from minutes to months. Human operators may also deliver other malicious payloads, steal credentials, or exfiltrate data. Some known human-operated ransomware campaigns that Microsoft actively monitors include REvil, Samas, Bitpaymer, and Ryuk.

Attack paths of human-operated ransomware.

Figure 2: Human-operated ransomware—attack paths.

Human-operated ransomware is an extortion model that can use any one of multiple attack vectors. These attacks are often highly damaging and disruptive to an organization because of the combination of:

  1. Broad access to business-critical assets: Attackers rapidly gain broad enterprise access and control through credential theft.
  2. Disrupt business operations: The extortion business model requires inflicting the maximum pain on the organization (while still allowing recovery) in order to make paying the ransom attractive.

By denying access to business-critical data and systems across the enterprise, the attackers are more likely to profit, and organizations are more likely to suffer significant or material impact.

In the same way COVID-19 has shifted industry perceptions regarding bring-your-own-device (BYOD) policies and remote work, human-operated ransomware is poised to trigger seismic shifts in cybersecurity. Organizations who fail to prepare for these evolving threats face the prospect of performing mass restores of systems and data or paying the ransom (not recommended).

This is particularly true if they have any of these commonly held (and dangerous) false beliefs:

  • Attackers aren’t interested in us because we’re just: a small organization, don’t have secrets, not a government, or other seemingly relevant characteristics.
  • We are safe because we have firewalls.
  • A password is good enough for admins; so multifactor authentication (MFA) can be deferred.
  • Attackers won’t find unpatched VPNs and operating systems; so, maintenance can be deferred.
  • We don’t apply security updates to internal systems like domain controllers to avoid impacting availability and performance.
  • Security operations (SecOps) can manually write every alert and respond using a SIEM and a firewall; so, modernization with high-quality XDR detections and SOAR can be deferred.

If your organization is targeted, we strongly discourage paying any ransom, since this will incentivize future attacks. Also, there’s no guarantee that payment will get you the promised decryption key, or even that the attackers won’t sell your data on the dark web anyway. For a specific plan of how to address ransomware, see our downloadable Ransomware recommendations PowerPoint.

On the upside, having a business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR) solution can provide a crucial safety net. Datto’s Global Ransomware Report 2020 indicates that three-out-of-four managed service providers (MSPs) report that clients with BCDR solutions recovered from a ransomware attack within 24 hours. However, just having a BCDR plan is not enough; you need an immutable backup that cannot be corrupted or deleted as attackers try to corrupt these backups.

This control needs to be implemented effectively across all generations of technology, including on-premises and in the cloud. Information protection and file encryption can also make data unreadable, even if exfiltrated.

Insider threats

Many data leaks can be attributed to accidents by insiders, but the risk posed by deliberate internal threats is on the rise as well—68 percent of organizations feel “moderately to extremely vulnerable” to all kinds of insider attacks. The same percentage confirms that insider attacks are becoming more frequent. Anyone who has access to an organization’s confidential data, IT, or network resources is a potential risk, whether they intend to do harm or not. This could include employees, consultants, vendors, former employees, business partners, or even a board member.

Recent examples include a former Amazon finance manager charged in a $1.4 million insider trading scheme, a Shopify data breach carried out by two employees, and an insider attack at Stradis Healthcare carried out by the former vice president of finance that “disrupted the delivery of personal protective equipment in the middle of a global pandemic.” Deliberate insider threats straddle both the physical and digital workspace, but organizations can protect themselves by looking for signs, including:

Digital warning signs

  • Accessing data not associated with their job function.
  • Using unauthorized storage devices.
  • Network crawling and searches for sensitive data.
  • Data hoarding or copying sensitive files.
  • Emailing sensitive data outside the organization.

Behavioral warning signs

  • Attempts to bypass security.
  • Frequently in the office during off-hours.
  • Displays disgruntled behavior.
  • Violates corporate policies.
  • Discusses resigning or new opportunities.

The key to preventing insider threats is to detect a violation before it happens. This means being empathetic to your organization’s changing environment and managing potential stressors that could lead to aberrant behavior. Being cognizant of employee wellbeing is not only in the best interests of your staff, it also drastically reduces the occurrence of insider threats for your organization. Microsoft invests in mitigating both accidental and deliberate insider threats with insider risk management, policy tips, and more.

Overcoming analyst fatigue

As the dust settles after the double-impact of the Nobelium and Hafnium attacks, we’re returning to a “normal baseline” of steadily increasing impact, volume, and sophistication of attacks. This lack of relief hits security professionals hardest, particularly analysts in security operations responding to these incidents.

The talented security professionals who silently bear the burden of attackers’ profit models often experience a high likelihood of burnout. According to PsyberResilience, the list of reasons for burnout among security professionals is long: fear of letting the organization down by missing that one threat amongst thousands every day; exhausting work schedules; fatigue from trying to keep up with new threats and technologies; the emotional toll of facing down criminals and witnessing their lack of morality.

Security teams need real help, and they need to feel supported and connected to the mission. Here are a few tips that can go a long way:

  • Show your appreciation: The first minimum step for business leaders is to thank these hardworking people and get a basic understanding of what it’s like to experience these attacks from the ground level. Just as CEOs and business leaders should take time out to meet the people who make business operations work (like factory workers, truck drivers, nurses, doctors, cooks, engineers, and scientists), they should also do the same with security operations personnel to show the importance of the work to keep the organization safe every day.
  • Enable automation and orchestration: This is critical to removing redundant, repetitive workflows or steps that burn up work hours and burn out employees. Azure Sentinel and Microsoft 365 Defender automate investigation and remediation tasks for many incidents, reducing the burden of repetitive work on analysts. Different security solutions in your enterprise need to see and share threat intelligence, driving a unified response across on-premises and multi-cloud environments.
  • Bring in help: Many companies find it difficult to recruit and retain security professionals, especially organizations that have a smaller security team. Supplementing your team with experts from service providers can help you bring in top talent for the limited times you need them or help scale the experts you have by shifting high-volume frontline analyst work to the service provider.
  • Take a collaborative approach: Reach out to peers in other industries to learn about their challenges. How do hospitals secure their patient data? How is cybersecurity done in retail operations, airlines, or government offices? Looking into different verticals might offer some new ideas and inspiration. An army of interconnected defenders provides more clarity and oversight than any single organization can maintain. For more technical information about how this works, learn about the community-based approach to information security.

Augmented intelligence and deepfakes

Using machine learning and automation has proven to be an incredible tool for defenders to detect and respond to threats faster. However, attackers also have access to similar technology and are leveraging this to their advantage. In another example of the cyber and physical worlds coming together, cybercriminals were able to create a near-perfect impersonation of a chief executive’s voice using deepfake technology—tricking the company into transferring $243,000 to their bank account. Attackers combined machine learning and AI with social engineering to convince people to move the money.

While still rare, AI and machine learning attacks like this are becoming more common. Attackers can make deepfake using public recordings of their target from earnings calls, interviews, and speeches, mimicking their mannerisms and using the technology as a kind of mask. Despite the advanced technology required for one of these attacks, the defense may be refreshingly straightforward and non-technical—if in doubt, call the person back. Using a secondary authentication for high-value transactions can also provide an additional secure step in the approval process, making it difficult for attackers to anticipate and fake out all of the channels at once.

With the use of AI and machine learning becoming more prolific in the defender’s kit bag, cybercriminals have also taken to attacking and poisoning the algorithms that are used to detect anomalies; often flooding the algorithm with data to skew results or generate false positives. In short, the human intelligence layer remains critical to providing contextual awareness and understanding of new cyber threats, helping to decipher the evolving tactics and techniques designed to evade detection.

Stay tuned

The next post in this series will focus on how your organization can pull all these concepts together into a security strategy that integrates with your business priorities, risk frameworks, and processes.

If you want to read ahead, you can check out the secure methodology in the cloud adoption framework.

Learn more

Read the previous blogs in this series:

To learn more about Microsoft Security solutions, visit our website. Bookmark the Security blog to keep up with our expert coverage on security matters. Also, follow us at @MSFTSecurity for the latest news and updates on cybersecurity.

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Becoming resilient by understanding cybersecurity risks: Part 3—a security pro’s perspective http://approjects.co.za/?big=en-us/security/blog/2021/02/24/becoming-resilient-by-understanding-cybersecurity-risks-part-3-a-security-pros-perspective/ Wed, 24 Feb 2021 17:00:04 +0000 Get insights on how to work with business leaders to manage risk and defend against sophisticated cyber threats.

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In part two of this blog series on aligning security with business objectives and risk, we explored the importance of thinking and acting holistically, using the example of human-operated ransomware, which threatens every organization in every industry. As we exited 2020, the Solorigate attack highlighted how attackers are continuously evolving. These nation-state threat actors used an organization’s software supply chain against them, with the attackers compromising legitimate software and applications with malware that installed into target organizations.

In part three of this series, we will further explore what it takes for security leaders to pivot their program from looking at their mission as purely defending against technical attacks to one that focuses on protecting valuable business assets, data, and applications. This pivot will enable business and cybersecurity leaders to remain better aligned and more resilient to a broader spectrum of attack vectors and attacker motivations.

What problem do we face?

First, let’s set a quick baseline on the characteristics of human-operated cyberattacks.

This diagram depicts commonalities and differences between for-profit ransomware and espionage campaigns:

diagram showing commonalities and differences between for-profit ransomware and espionage campaigns

Figure 1: Comparison of human-operated attack campaigns.

Typically, the attackers are:

  • Flexible: Utilize more than one attack vector to gain entry to the network.
  • Objective driven: Achieve a defined purpose from accessing your environment. This could be specific to your people, data, or applications, but you may also just fit a class of targets like “a profitable company that is likely to pay to restore access to their data and systems.”
  • Stealthy: Take precautions to remove evidence or obfuscate their tracks (though at different investment and priority levels, see figure one)
  • Patient: Take time to perform reconnaissance to understand the infrastructure and business environment.
  • Well-resourced and skilled in the technologies they are targeting (though the depth of skill can vary).
  • Experienced: They use established techniques and tools to gain elevated privileges to access or control different aspects of the estate (which grants them the privileges they need to fulfill their objective).

There are variations in the attack style depending on the motivation and objective, but the core methodology is the same. In some ways, this is analogous to the difference between a modern electric car versus a “Mad Max” style vehicle assembled from whatever spare parts were readily and cheaply available.

What to do about it?

Because human attackers are adaptable, a static technology-focused strategy won’t provide the flexibility and agility you need to keep up with (and get ahead of) these attacks. Historically, cybersecurity has tended to focus on the infrastructure, networks, and devices—without necessarily understanding how these technical elements correlate to business objectives and risk.

By understanding the value of information as a business asset, we can take concerted action to prevent compromise and limit risk exposure. Take email, for example, every employee in the company typically uses it, and the majority of communications have limited value to attackers. However, it also contains potentially highly sensitive and legally privileged information (which is why email is often the ultimate target of many sophisticated attacks). Categorizing email through only a technical lens would incorrectly categorize email as either a high-value asset (correct for those few very important items, but impossible to scale) or a low-value asset (correct for most items, but misses the “crown” jewels in email).

Business-centric security.

Figure 2: Business-centric security.

Security leaders must step back from the technical lens, learn what assets and data are important to business leaders, and prioritize how teams spend their time, attention, and budget through the lens of business importance. The technical lens will be re-applied as the security, and IT teams work through solutions, but looking at this only as a technology problem runs a high risk of solving the wrong problems.

It is a journey to fully understand how business value translates to technical assets, but it’s critical to get started and make this a top priority to end the eternal game of ‘whack-a-mole’ that security plays today.

Security leaders should focus on enabling this transformation by:

  1. Aligning the business in a two-way relationship:
  • Communicate in their language: explain security threats in business-friendly language and terminology that helps to quantify the risk and impact to the overall business strategy and mission.
  • Participate in active listening and learning: talk to people across the business to understand the important business services and information and the impact if that were compromised or breached. This will provide clear insight into prioritizing the investment in policies, standards, training, and security controls.
  1. Translating learnings about business priorities and risks into concrete and sustainable actions:
  • Short term focus on dealing with burning priorities:
    • Protecting critical assets and high-value information with appropriate security controls (that increases security while enabling business productivity)
    • Focus on immediate and emerging threats that are most likely to cause business impact.
    • Monitoring changes in business strategies and initiatives to stay in alignment.
  • Long term set direction and priorities to make steady progress over time, to improve overall security posture:
    • Zero Trust: Create a clear vision, strategy, plan, and architecture for reducing risks in your organization aligned to the zero trust principles of assuming breach, least privilege, and explicit verification. Adopting these principles shifts from static controls to more dynamic risk-based decisions that are based on real-time detections of anomalous behavior irrespective of where the threat derived.
    • Burndown technical debt as a consistent strategy by operating security best practices across the organization such as replacing password-based authentication with passwordless and multi-factor authentication (MFA), applying security patches, and retiring (or isolating) legacy systems. Just like paying off a mortgage, you need to make steady payments to realize the full benefit and value of your investments.
    • Apply data classifications, sensitivity labels, and role-based access controls to protect data from loss or compromise throughout its lifecycle. While these can’t completely capture the dynamic nature and richness of business context and insight, they are key enablers to guide information protection and governance, limiting the potential impact of an attack.
  1. Establishing a healthy security culture by explicitly practicing, communicating, and publicly modeling the right behavior. The culture should focus on open collaboration between business, IT, and security colleagues and applying a ‘growth mindset’ of continuous learning. Culture changes should be focused on removing siloes from security, IT, and the larger business organization to achieve greater knowledge sharing and resilience levels.

You can read more on Microsoft’s recommendations for security strategy and culture here.

In the next blog of the series, we will explore the most common attack vectors, how and why they work so effectively, and the strategies to mitigate evolving cybersecurity threats.

To learn more about Microsoft Security solutions visit our website. Bookmark the Security blog to keep up with our expert coverage on security matters. Also, follow us at @MSFTSecurity for the latest news and updates on cybersecurity.

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Becoming resilient by understanding cybersecurity risks: Part 2 http://approjects.co.za/?big=en-us/security/blog/2020/12/17/becoming-resilient-by-understanding-cybersecurity-risks-part-2/ Thu, 17 Dec 2020 17:00:26 +0000 Whilst this may be uncomfortable reading, the ability to pre-empt and respond quickly to these attacks is now an organizational imperative that requires a level of close collaboration and integration throughout your organization (which may not have happened to date).

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In part one of this blog series, we looked at how being resilient to cybersecurity threats is about understanding and managing the organizational impact from the evolution of human conflict that has existed since the dawn of humanity. In part two of this series, we further explore the imperative of thinking and acting holistically as a single organization working together to a common goal. Building true resilience begins with framing the issue accurately to the problem at hand and continuously (re)prioritizing efforts to match pace with evolving threats.

For this blog, we will use the example of a current cybersecurity threat that spans every organization in every industry as an example of how to put this into practice. The emergence of human-operated ransomware has created an organizational risk at a pace we have not seen before in cybersecurity. In these extortion attacks, attackers are studying target organizations carefully to learn what critical business processes they can stop to force organizations to pay, and what weaknesses in the IT infrastructure they can exploit to do it.

Placeholder

This type of threat enables attackers to stop most or all critical business operations and demand ransom to restore them by combining:

  • A highly lucrative extortion business model.
  • Organization-wide impact utilizing well-establish tools and techniques.

Whilst this may be uncomfortable reading, the ability to pre-empt and respond quickly to these cyberattacks is now an organizational imperative that requires a level of close collaboration and integration throughout your organization (which may not have happened to date).

Because these attacks directly monetize stopping your business operations, you must:

  • Identify and prioritize monitoring and protection for critical business assets and processes.
  • Restore business operations as fast as possible, when attacked.

Applying this in a complex organization requires you to:

  1. Know thyself: The first step towards resilience is identifying your critical business assets and processes and ensuring appropriate team members truly understand them so that appropriate controls can be implemented to protect and rapidly restore them. These controls should include business and technical measures such as ensuring immutable or offline backups (as attackers try to eliminate all viable alternatives to paying the ransom, including anti-tampering mechanisms).
  2. This is not a one-time event: Your business and technical teams need to work together to continuously evaluate your security posture relative to the changing threat landscape. This enables you to refine priorities, build mutual trust and strong relationships, and build organizational muscle memory.
  3. Focus on high-impact users: Just as your executives and senior managers have control and access over massive amounts of sensitive and proprietary information that can damage the organization if exposed; IT administrators also have access and control over the business systems and networks that host that information. Ransomware attackers traverse your network and target IT administrator accounts, making the seizure of privileged access a critical component of their attack success. See Microsoft’s guidance on this topic
  4. Build and sustain good hygiene: As we discussed in our first blog, maintaining and updating software and following good security practices is critical to building resilience to these attacks. Because organizations have a backlog of technical debt, it’s critical to prioritize this work to pay off the most important debt first.
  5. Ruthlessly prioritize: Ruthless prioritization applies a calm but urgent mindset to prioritizing tasks to stay on mission. This practice focuses on the most effective actions with the fastest time to value regardless of whether those efforts fit pre-existing plans, perceptions, and habits.
  6. Look through an attacker’s lens: The best way to prioritize your work is to put yourself in the perspective of an attacker. Establishing what information would be valuable to an attacker (or malicious insider), how they would enter your organization and access it, and how they would extract it will give you invaluable insights into how to prioritize your investments and response. Assess the gaps, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers across the end-to-end business processes and the backend infrastructure that supports them. By modeling the process and systems and what threats attackers can pose to them, you can take the most effective actions to remove or reduce risk to your organization.
  7. Exercise and stress test: This strategy will be tested by attackers in the real world, so you must proactively stress test to find and fix the weaknesses before the attackers find and exploit them. This stress testing must extend to both business processes and technical systems so that organizations build overall resilience to this major risk. This requires systematically removing assumptions in favor of known facts that can be relied upon in a major incident. This should be prioritized based on scenarios that are high impact and high likelihood like human-operated ransomware.

Whilst it’s tempting for experienced leaders and technical professionals to get caught up in how things have been done before, cybersecurity is a fundamentally disruptive force that requires organizations to work collaboratively and adopt and adapt the practices documented in Microsoft’s guidance.

“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.”—Albert Einstein

For all this to be successful, your organization must work together as a single coherent entity, sharing insights and resources from business, technical, and security teams to leverage diverse viewpoints and experiences. This approach will help you plan and execute pragmatically and effectively against evolving threats that impact all parts of your organization.

In our next blog, we will continue to explore how to effectively manage risk from the perspective of business and cybersecurity leaders and the capabilities and information required to stay resilient against cyberattacks.

To learn more about Microsoft Security solutions visit our website. Bookmark the Security blog to keep up with our expert coverage on security matters. Also, follow us at @MSFTSecurity for the latest news and updates on cybersecurity.

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Becoming resilient by understanding cybersecurity risks: Part 1 http://approjects.co.za/?big=en-us/security/blog/2020/10/13/becoming-resilient-by-understanding-cybersecurity-risks-part-1/ Tue, 13 Oct 2020 19:00:37 +0000 All risks have to be viewed through the lens of the business or organization. While information on cybersecurity risks is plentiful, you can’t prioritize or manage any risk until the impact (and likelihood) to your organization is understood and quantified. This rule of thumb on who should be accountable for risk helps illustrate this relationship: […]

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All risks have to be viewed through the lens of the business or organization. While information on cybersecurity risks is plentiful, you can’t prioritize or manage any risk until the impact (and likelihood) to your organization is understood and quantified.

This rule of thumb on who should be accountable for risk helps illustrate this relationship:

The person who owns (and accepts) the risk is the one who will stand in front of the news cameras and explain to the world why the worst case scenario happened.

This is the first in a series of blogs exploring how to manage challenges associated with keeping an organization resilient against cyberattacks and data breaches. This series will examine both the business and security perspectives and then look at the powerful trends shaping the future.

This blog series is unabashedly trying to help you build a stronger bridge between cybersecurity and your organizational leadership.

A visualization of how to manage organizational risk through leadership

Organizations face two major trends driving both opportunity and risk:

  • Digital disruption: We are living through the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the fusion of the physical, biological, and digital worlds. This is having a profound impact on all of us as much as the use of steam and electricity changed the lives of farmers and factory owners during early industrialization.
    Tech-disruptors like Netflix and Uber are obvious examples of using the digital revolution to disrupt existing industries, which spurred many industries to adopt digital innovation strategies of their own to stay relevant. Most organizations are rethinking their products, customer engagement, and business processes to stay current with a changing market.
  • Cybersecurity: Organizations face a constant threat to revenue and reputation from organized crime, rogue nations, and freelance attackers who all have their eyes on your organization’s technology and data, which is being compounded by an evolving set of insider risks.

Organizations that understand and manage risk without constraining their digital transformation will gain a competitive edge over their industry peers.

Cybersecurity is both old and new

As your organization pulls cybersecurity into your existing risk framework and portfolio, it is critical to keep in mind that:

  • Cybersecurity is still relatively new: Unlike responding to natural disasters or economic downturns with decades of historical data and analysis, cybersecurity is an emerging and rapidly evolving discipline. Our understanding of the risks and how to manage them must evolve with every innovation in technology and every shift in attacker techniques.
  • Cybersecurity is about human conflict: While managing cyber threats may be relatively new, human conflict has been around as long as there have been humans. Much can be learned by adapting existing knowledge on war, crime, economics, psychology, and sociology. Cybersecurity is also tied to the global economic, social, and political environments and can’t be separated from those.
  • Cybersecurity evolves fast (and has no boundaries): Once a technology infrastructure is in place, there are few limits on the velocity of scaling an idea or software into a global presence (whether helpful or malicious), mirroring the history of rail and road infrastructures. While infrastructure enables commerce and productivity, it also enables criminal or malicious elements to leverage the same scale and speed in their actions. These bad actors don’t face the many constraints of legitimate useage, including regulations, legality, or morality in the pursuit of their illicit goals. These low barriers to entry on the internet help to increase the volume, speed, and sophistication of cyberattack techniques soon after they are conceived and proven. This puts us in the position of continuously playing catch up to their latest ideas.
  • Cybersecurity requires asset maintenance: The most important and overlooked aspect of cybersecurity is the need to invest in ‘hygiene’ tasks to ensure consistent application of critically important practices.
    One aspect that surprises many people is that software ‘ages’ differently than other assets and equipment, silently accumulating security issues with time. Like a brittle metal, these silent issues suddenly become massive failures when attackers find them. This makes it critical for proactive business leadership to proactively support ongoing technology maintenance (despite no previous visible signs of failure).

Stay pragmatic

In an interconnected world, a certain amount of playing catch-up is inevitable, but we should minimize the impact and probabilities of business impact events with a proactive stance.

Organizations should build and adapt their risk and resilience strategy, including:

  1. Keeping threats in perspective: Ensuring stakeholders are thinking holistically in the context of business priorities, realistic threat scenarios, and reasonable evaluation of potential impact.
  2. Building trust and relationships: We’ve learned that the most important cybersecurity approach for organizations is to think and act symbiotically—working in unison with a shared vision and goal.
    Like any other critical resource, trust and relationships can be strained in a crisis. It’s critical to invest in building strong and collaborative relationships between security and business stakeholders who have to make difficult decisions in a complex environment with incomplete information that is continuously changing.
  3. Modernizing security to protect business operations wherever they are: This approach is often referred to as Zero Trust and helps security enable the business, particularly digital transformation initiatives (including remote work during COVID-19) versus the traditional role as an inflexible quality function.

One organization, one vision

As organizations become digital, they effectively become technology companies and inherit both the natural advantages (customer engagement, rapid scale) and difficulties (maintenance and patching, cyberattack). We must accept this and learn to manage this risk as a team, sharing the challenges and adapting to the continuous evolution.

In the coming blogs, we will explore these topics from the perspective of business leaders and from cybersecurity leaders, sharing lessons learned on framing, prioritizing, and managing risk to stay resilient against cyberattacks.

To learn more about Microsoft Security solutions visit our website.  Bookmark the Security blog to keep up with our expert coverage on security matters. Also, follow us at @MSFTSecurity for the latest news and updates on cybersecurity.

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