Investigating the Role and Interplay of Narrations and Animations in Data Videos
Hao Cheng, Junhong Wang, Yun Wang, Bongshin Lee, Haidong Zhang, Dongmei Zhang
Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of EuroVis 2022) | June 2022
Publications
Publications by Year
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CAST: Authoring Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Bongshin Lee, Yunhai Wang
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems | May 2021
Data Visceralization: Enabling Deeper Understanding of Data Using Virtual Reality
Benjamin Lee, Dave Brown, Bongshin Lee, Christophe Hurter, Steven Drucker, Tim Dwyer
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2021
-
Canis: A High-Level Language for Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Yue Zhao, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Baoquan Chen, Yunhai Wang
Computer Graphics Forum | June 2020
Critical Reflections on Visualization Authoring Systems
Arvind Satyanarayan, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Jeffrey Heer, John Stasko, John Thompson, Matthew Brehmer, Zhicheng Liu
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
ShapeWordle: Tailoring Wordles using Shape-aware Archimedean Spirals
Yunhai Wang, Xiaowei Chu, Kaiyi Zhang, Chen Bao, Xiaotong Li, Jian Zhang, Chi-Wing Fu, Christophe Hurter, Oliver Deussen, Bongshin Lee
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
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DataToon: Drawing Dynamic Network Comics With Pen + Touch Interaction
Nam Wook Kim, Nathalie Henry Riche, Benjamin Bach, Guanpang A. Xu, Matthew Brehmer, Ken Hinckley, Michel Pahud, Haijun Xia, Michael McGuffin, Hanspeter Pfister
CHI 2019 | May 2019
Timeline Storyteller: The Design & Deployment of an Interactive Authoring Tool for Expressive Timeline Narratives
Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, David Tittsworth, Kate Lytvynets, Darren Edge, Chris White
Computation+Journalism Symposium | February 2019
Charticulator: Interactive Construction of Bespoke Chart Layouts
Donghao Ren, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2019
Best Paper Honorable Mention
-
Reflecting on the Evaluation of Visualization Authoring Systems
Donghao Ren, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer, Nathalie Henry Riche
To appear in the proceedings of the 2018 BELIV Workshop at IEEE VIS: Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization | October 2018
Hooked on Data Videos: Assessing the Effect of Animation and Pictographs on Viewer Engagement
Fereshteh Amini, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jason Leboe-McGowan, Pourang Irani
AVI '18 Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces | May 2018
Evaluating Data-Driven Stories & Storytelling Tools
Fereshteh Amini, Matthew Brehmer, Gordon Bolduan, Christina Elmer, Benjamin Wiederkehr
Data-Driven Storytelling, 11 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
Watches to Augmented Reality: Devices and Gadgets for Data-Driven Storytelling
Bongshin Lee, Tim Dwyer, Dominikus Baur, Xaquín Gonzalez Veira
Data-Driven Storytelling, 6 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
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Timelines Revisited: A Design Space and Considerations for Expressive Storytelling
Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Benjamin Bach, Nathalie Henry Riche, Tamara Munzner
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) | September 2017, Vol 23: pp. 2151
Visual Narrative Flow: Exploring Factors Shaping Data Visualization Story Reading Experiences
Sean McKenna, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jeremy Boy, Miriah Meyer
June 2017, Vol 36: pp. 377-387
ChartAccent: Annotation for Data-Driven Storytelling
Donghao Ren, Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Tobias Hollerer, Eun Kyoung Choe
April 2017
-
Authoring Data-Driven Videos with DataClips
Fereshteh Amini , Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Pourang Irani
IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics | October 2016
Telling Stories about Dynamic Networks with Graph Comic
Benjamin Bach, Natalie Kerracher, Kyle W. Hall, Sheelagh Carpendale, Jessie Kennedy, Nathalie Henry Riche
Proceedings of CHI 2016 | May 2016
Emerging and Recurring Data-Driven Storytelling Techniques: Analysis of a Curated Collection of Recent Stories
Charles D. Stolper, Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, John Stasko
MSR-TR-2016-14 | April 2016
-
More than Telling a Story: A Closer Look at the Process of Transforming Data into Visually Shared Stories
Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, Petra Isenberg, Sheelagh Carpendale
In IEEE CG&A journal (Visualization Viewpoints) | September 2015, pp. 84-90
WordlePlus: Expanding Wordle’s Use through Natural Interaction and Animation
Jaemin Jo, Bongshin Lee, Jinwook Seo
IEEE CG&A Special Issue on Human-Centered Data Visualization | September 2015, Vol 35: pp. 20
Understanding Data Videos: Looking at Narrative Visualization through the Cinematography Lens
Fereshteh Amini, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Christophe Hurter, Pourang Irani
April 2015
-
VisJockey: Enriching Data Stories through Orchestrated Interactive Visualization
Bum Chul Kwon, Florian Stoffel, Dominik Jäckle, Bongshin Lee, Daniel Keim
January 2014
Computation+Journalism 2014
-
SketchStory: telling more engaging stories with data through freeform sketching
Bongshin Lee, Rubaiat Habib Kazi, Greg Smith
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | December 2013, Vol 19: pp. 2416-2425
A Deeper Understanding of Sequence in Narrative Visualization
Jessica Hullman, Steven Drucker, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Danyel Fisher, Eytan Adar
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) Proceedings of InfoVis 2013 | October 2013
Winner, Best Paper Award
Publications by Research Area
-
Investigating the Role and Interplay of Narrations and Animations in Data Videos
Hao Cheng, Junhong Wang, Yun Wang, Bongshin Lee, Haidong Zhang, Dongmei Zhang
Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of EuroVis 2022) | June 2022
CAST: Authoring Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Bongshin Lee, Yunhai Wang
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems | May 2021
Data Visceralization: Enabling Deeper Understanding of Data Using Virtual Reality
Benjamin Lee, Dave Brown, Bongshin Lee, Christophe Hurter, Steven Drucker, Tim Dwyer
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2021
Canis: A High-Level Language for Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Yue Zhao, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Baoquan Chen, Yunhai Wang
Computer Graphics Forum | June 2020
ShapeWordle: Tailoring Wordles using Shape-aware Archimedean Spirals
Yunhai Wang, Xiaowei Chu, Kaiyi Zhang, Chen Bao, Xiaotong Li, Jian Zhang, Chi-Wing Fu, Christophe Hurter, Oliver Deussen, Bongshin Lee
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
Critical Reflections on Visualization Authoring Systems
Arvind Satyanarayan, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Jeffrey Heer, John Stasko, John Thompson, Matthew Brehmer, Zhicheng Liu
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
DataToon: Drawing Dynamic Network Comics With Pen + Touch Interaction
Nam Wook Kim, Nathalie Henry Riche, Benjamin Bach, Guanpang A. Xu, Matthew Brehmer, Ken Hinckley, Michel Pahud, Haijun Xia, Michael McGuffin, Hanspeter Pfister
CHI 2019 | May 2019
Timeline Storyteller: The Design & Deployment of an Interactive Authoring Tool for Expressive Timeline Narratives
Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, David Tittsworth, Kate Lytvynets, Darren Edge, Chris White
Computation+Journalism Symposium | February 2019
Reflecting on the Evaluation of Visualization Authoring Systems
Donghao Ren, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer, Nathalie Henry Riche
To appear in the proceedings of the 2018 BELIV Workshop at IEEE VIS: Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization | October 2018
Hooked on Data Videos: Assessing the Effect of Animation and Pictographs on Viewer Engagement
Fereshteh Amini, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jason Leboe-McGowan, Pourang Irani
AVI '18 Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces | May 2018
Evaluating Data-Driven Stories & Storytelling Tools
Fereshteh Amini, Matthew Brehmer, Gordon Bolduan, Christina Elmer, Benjamin Wiederkehr
Data-Driven Storytelling, 11 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
Watches to Augmented Reality: Devices and Gadgets for Data-Driven Storytelling
Bongshin Lee, Tim Dwyer, Dominikus Baur, Xaquín Gonzalez Veira
Data-Driven Storytelling, 6 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
Timelines Revisited: A Design Space and Considerations for Expressive Storytelling
Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Benjamin Bach, Nathalie Henry Riche, Tamara Munzner
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) | September 2017, Vol 23: pp. 2151
Visual Narrative Flow: Exploring Factors Shaping Data Visualization Story Reading Experiences
Sean McKenna, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jeremy Boy, Miriah Meyer
June 2017, Vol 36: pp. 377-387
ChartAccent: Annotation for Data-Driven Storytelling
Donghao Ren, Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Tobias Hollerer, Eun Kyoung Choe
April 2017
Authoring Data-Driven Videos with DataClips
Fereshteh Amini , Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Pourang Irani
IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics | October 2016
Telling Stories about Dynamic Networks with Graph Comic
Benjamin Bach, Natalie Kerracher, Kyle W. Hall, Sheelagh Carpendale, Jessie Kennedy, Nathalie Henry Riche
Proceedings of CHI 2016 | May 2016
WordlePlus: Expanding Wordle’s Use through Natural Interaction and Animation
Jaemin Jo, Bongshin Lee, Jinwook Seo
IEEE CG&A Special Issue on Human-Centered Data Visualization | September 2015, Vol 35: pp. 20
Understanding Data Videos: Looking at Narrative Visualization through the Cinematography Lens
Fereshteh Amini, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Christophe Hurter, Pourang Irani
April 2015
VisJockey: Enriching Data Stories through Orchestrated Interactive Visualization
Bum Chul Kwon, Florian Stoffel, Dominik Jäckle, Bongshin Lee, Daniel Keim
January 2014
Computation+Journalism 2014
SketchStory: telling more engaging stories with data through freeform sketching
Bongshin Lee, Rubaiat Habib Kazi, Greg Smith
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | December 2013, Vol 19: pp. 2416-2425
A Deeper Understanding of Sequence in Narrative Visualization
Jessica Hullman, Steven Drucker, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Danyel Fisher, Eytan Adar
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) Proceedings of InfoVis 2013 | October 2013
Winner, Best Paper Award
-
Investigating the Role and Interplay of Narrations and Animations in Data Videos
Hao Cheng, Junhong Wang, Yun Wang, Bongshin Lee, Haidong Zhang, Dongmei Zhang
Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of EuroVis 2022) | June 2022
CAST: Authoring Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Bongshin Lee, Yunhai Wang
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems | May 2021
Canis: A High-Level Language for Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Yue Zhao, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Baoquan Chen, Yunhai Wang
Computer Graphics Forum | June 2020
ShapeWordle: Tailoring Wordles using Shape-aware Archimedean Spirals
Yunhai Wang, Xiaowei Chu, Kaiyi Zhang, Chen Bao, Xiaotong Li, Jian Zhang, Chi-Wing Fu, Christophe Hurter, Oliver Deussen, Bongshin Lee
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
Critical Reflections on Visualization Authoring Systems
Arvind Satyanarayan, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Jeffrey Heer, John Stasko, John Thompson, Matthew Brehmer, Zhicheng Liu
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
DataToon: Drawing Dynamic Network Comics With Pen + Touch Interaction
Nam Wook Kim, Nathalie Henry Riche, Benjamin Bach, Guanpang A. Xu, Matthew Brehmer, Ken Hinckley, Michel Pahud, Haijun Xia, Michael McGuffin, Hanspeter Pfister
CHI 2019 | May 2019
Charticulator: Interactive Construction of Bespoke Chart Layouts
Donghao Ren, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2019
Best Paper Honorable Mention
Reflecting on the Evaluation of Visualization Authoring Systems
Donghao Ren, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer, Nathalie Henry Riche
To appear in the proceedings of the 2018 BELIV Workshop at IEEE VIS: Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization | October 2018
Hooked on Data Videos: Assessing the Effect of Animation and Pictographs on Viewer Engagement
Fereshteh Amini, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jason Leboe-McGowan, Pourang Irani
AVI '18 Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces | May 2018
Evaluating Data-Driven Stories & Storytelling Tools
Fereshteh Amini, Matthew Brehmer, Gordon Bolduan, Christina Elmer, Benjamin Wiederkehr
Data-Driven Storytelling, 11 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
Watches to Augmented Reality: Devices and Gadgets for Data-Driven Storytelling
Bongshin Lee, Tim Dwyer, Dominikus Baur, Xaquín Gonzalez Veira
Data-Driven Storytelling, 6 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
Timelines Revisited: A Design Space and Considerations for Expressive Storytelling
Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Benjamin Bach, Nathalie Henry Riche, Tamara Munzner
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) | September 2017, Vol 23: pp. 2151
Visual Narrative Flow: Exploring Factors Shaping Data Visualization Story Reading Experiences
Sean McKenna, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jeremy Boy, Miriah Meyer
June 2017, Vol 36: pp. 377-387
Authoring Data-Driven Videos with DataClips
Fereshteh Amini , Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Pourang Irani
IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics | October 2016
Emerging and Recurring Data-Driven Storytelling Techniques: Analysis of a Curated Collection of Recent Stories
Charles D. Stolper, Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, John Stasko
MSR-TR-2016-14 | April 2016
WordlePlus: Expanding Wordle’s Use through Natural Interaction and Animation
Jaemin Jo, Bongshin Lee, Jinwook Seo
IEEE CG&A Special Issue on Human-Centered Data Visualization | September 2015, Vol 35: pp. 20
More than Telling a Story: A Closer Look at the Process of Transforming Data into Visually Shared Stories
Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, Petra Isenberg, Sheelagh Carpendale
In IEEE CG&A journal (Visualization Viewpoints) | September 2015, pp. 84-90
-
WordlePlus: Expanding Wordle’s Use through Natural Interaction and Animation
Jaemin Jo, Bongshin Lee, Jinwook Seo
IEEE CG&A Special Issue on Human-Centered Data Visualization | September 2015, Vol 35: pp. 20
-
A Deeper Understanding of Sequence in Narrative Visualization
Jessica Hullman, Steven Drucker, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Danyel Fisher, Eytan Adar
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) Proceedings of InfoVis 2013 | October 2013
Winner, Best Paper Award
Publications by Type
-
Investigating the Role and Interplay of Narrations and Animations in Data Videos
Hao Cheng, Junhong Wang, Yun Wang, Bongshin Lee, Haidong Zhang, Dongmei Zhang
Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of EuroVis 2022) | June 2022
Data Visceralization: Enabling Deeper Understanding of Data Using Virtual Reality
Benjamin Lee, Dave Brown, Bongshin Lee, Christophe Hurter, Steven Drucker, Tim Dwyer
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2021
Canis: A High-Level Language for Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Yue Zhao, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Baoquan Chen, Yunhai Wang
Computer Graphics Forum | June 2020
ShapeWordle: Tailoring Wordles using Shape-aware Archimedean Spirals
Yunhai Wang, Xiaowei Chu, Kaiyi Zhang, Chen Bao, Xiaotong Li, Jian Zhang, Chi-Wing Fu, Christophe Hurter, Oliver Deussen, Bongshin Lee
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
Critical Reflections on Visualization Authoring Systems
Arvind Satyanarayan, Bongshin Lee, Donghao Ren, Jeffrey Heer, John Stasko, John Thompson, Matthew Brehmer, Zhicheng Liu
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2020
Charticulator: Interactive Construction of Bespoke Chart Layouts
Donghao Ren, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | January 2019
Best Paper Honorable Mention
Timelines Revisited: A Design Space and Considerations for Expressive Storytelling
Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Benjamin Bach, Nathalie Henry Riche, Tamara Munzner
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) | September 2017, Vol 23: pp. 2151
Visual Narrative Flow: Exploring Factors Shaping Data Visualization Story Reading Experiences
Sean McKenna, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jeremy Boy, Miriah Meyer
June 2017, Vol 36: pp. 377-387
WordlePlus: Expanding Wordle’s Use through Natural Interaction and Animation
Jaemin Jo, Bongshin Lee, Jinwook Seo
IEEE CG&A Special Issue on Human-Centered Data Visualization | September 2015, Vol 35: pp. 20
More than Telling a Story: A Closer Look at the Process of Transforming Data into Visually Shared Stories
Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, Petra Isenberg, Sheelagh Carpendale
In IEEE CG&A journal (Visualization Viewpoints) | September 2015, pp. 84-90
SketchStory: telling more engaging stories with data through freeform sketching
Bongshin Lee, Rubaiat Habib Kazi, Greg Smith
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics | December 2013, Vol 19: pp. 2416-2425
-
CAST: Authoring Data-Driven Chart Animations
Tong Ge, Bongshin Lee, Yunhai Wang
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems | May 2021
DataToon: Drawing Dynamic Network Comics With Pen + Touch Interaction
Nam Wook Kim, Nathalie Henry Riche, Benjamin Bach, Guanpang A. Xu, Matthew Brehmer, Ken Hinckley, Michel Pahud, Haijun Xia, Michael McGuffin, Hanspeter Pfister
CHI 2019 | May 2019
Timeline Storyteller: The Design & Deployment of an Interactive Authoring Tool for Expressive Timeline Narratives
Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, David Tittsworth, Kate Lytvynets, Darren Edge, Chris White
Computation+Journalism Symposium | February 2019
Reflecting on the Evaluation of Visualization Authoring Systems
Donghao Ren, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer, Nathalie Henry Riche
To appear in the proceedings of the 2018 BELIV Workshop at IEEE VIS: Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization | October 2018
Hooked on Data Videos: Assessing the Effect of Animation and Pictographs on Viewer Engagement
Fereshteh Amini, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Jason Leboe-McGowan, Pourang Irani
AVI '18 Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces | May 2018
ChartAccent: Annotation for Data-Driven Storytelling
Donghao Ren, Matthew Brehmer, Bongshin Lee, Tobias Hollerer, Eun Kyoung Choe
April 2017
Authoring Data-Driven Videos with DataClips
Fereshteh Amini , Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Pourang Irani
IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics | October 2016
Telling Stories about Dynamic Networks with Graph Comic
Benjamin Bach, Natalie Kerracher, Kyle W. Hall, Sheelagh Carpendale, Jessie Kennedy, Nathalie Henry Riche
Proceedings of CHI 2016 | May 2016
Understanding Data Videos: Looking at Narrative Visualization through the Cinematography Lens
Fereshteh Amini, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Christophe Hurter, Pourang Irani
April 2015
A Deeper Understanding of Sequence in Narrative Visualization
Jessica Hullman, Steven Drucker, Nathalie Henry Riche, Bongshin Lee, Danyel Fisher, Eytan Adar
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) Proceedings of InfoVis 2013 | October 2013
Winner, Best Paper Award
-
Evaluating Data-Driven Stories & Storytelling Tools
Fereshteh Amini, Matthew Brehmer, Gordon Bolduan, Christina Elmer, Benjamin Wiederkehr
Data-Driven Storytelling, 11 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
Watches to Augmented Reality: Devices and Gadgets for Data-Driven Storytelling
Bongshin Lee, Tim Dwyer, Dominikus Baur, Xaquín Gonzalez Veira
Data-Driven Storytelling, 6 | Published by A K Peters/CRC Press | 2018
ISBN: 9781138197107
-
VisJockey: Enriching Data Stories through Orchestrated Interactive Visualization
Bum Chul Kwon, Florian Stoffel, Dominik Jäckle, Bongshin Lee, Daniel Keim
January 2014
Computation+Journalism 2014
-
Emerging and Recurring Data-Driven Storytelling Techniques: Analysis of a Curated Collection of Recent Stories
Charles D. Stolper, Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, John Stasko
MSR-TR-2016-14 | April 2016
People
Yun Wang
Senior Researcher
Nathalie Henry Riche
Principal Researcher