25 Years of SharePoint at Microsoft: Our lessons learned as Customer Zero

For more than two decades, SharePoint has been a foundational part of how work happens at Microsoft. This pivotal application supports everything we do, including companywide communications, day‑to‑day collaboration, and empowering our employees to create, share, and manage information.

In 2026, we’re celebrating 25 years of SharePoint at Microsoft. Microsoft Digital, the company’s IT organization, is commemorating this anniversary by reflecting on the journey we’ve taken with the product over the last quarter-century.

In this article, we’ll share our journey as SharePoint’s Customer Zero and step through the lessons we’ve learned building and maintaining an IT stack in the age of agentic AI.

Why SharePoint?

In the early 2000s, we faced a technical challenge familiar to just about any organization: We had important documents and data scattered across siloed file shares, institutional knowledge hidden away in email attachments, and access challenges preventing different teams from collaborating across geographical borders and departmental boundaries.

SharePoint offered the solution to these challenges.

Its flexible, web-based platform gave us the ability to collaborate using shared sites, centralized document libraries, and widely accessible workspaces. The application also fundamentally reshaped our corporate communications and publishing capabilities, providing features that would power key internal portals like Microsoft Web (our longtime internal company homepage, often called MSW), HRWeb, and MS Library.

“At the time, because there were so few customers running SharePoint at scale, the product was in many ways directly built to meet our IT needs.”

Sam Crewdson, principal program manager, Microsoft Digital

The evolution of how we used SharePoint in Microsoft Digital can best be described in three phases:

1. Our on-premises expansion and optimization
2. Our migration to the cloud, self-service growth, and modernization
3. Our incorporation of agentic AI

On-premises expansion and growing pains

When we first adopted on-premises SharePoint at scale, it became indispensable almost immediately. Internal teams used SharePoint to replace their existing file shares, publish information internally, and create many custom workflows and applications tailored to their needs.

Our team at Microsoft Digital was responsible for deploying SharePoint on an enterprise scale. Because we were one of the first enterprise customers to fully use SharePoint’s capabilities, we worked closely with the SharePoint product team from the beginning of its existence as a company. This meant we played a sizable role in influencing what SharePoint ultimately became.

“At the time, because there were so few customers running SharePoint at scale, the product was in many ways directly built to meet our IT needs,” says Sam Crewdson, a principal program manager in Microsoft Digital. “A result of our being their first and best customer at the time was that the SharePoint team often built capabilities for us that no one else was asking for yet, such as specific portals features and supportability needs.”

Our initial adoption of SharePoint exposed some structural limitations and gaps. To meet the goals of our internal customers, we often relied on custom code, which made upgrades more difficult. And data governance and lifecycle management could be challenging, with our internal teams creating thousands of sites with little or no ownership tracking.

Using SharePoint in this way meant rapidly accumulating abandoned sites and outdated content. Trying to conduct even routine maintenance became difficult because there was no reliable way to contact site owners.

“Because of the initial difficulties, SharePoint was frustrating at first, especially for admins. But then I realized how important it was for our users—the product saved them so much time, and they were so happy that it was available. It was a complete 180-degree shift in my mindset towards SharePoint.”

Thomas Snyder, principal service engineer, Microsoft Digital

These challenges meant tensions often ran high for the IT team during the initial adoption phase. Tempers sometimes flared as we navigated this period in SharePoint’s evolution at Microsoft.

However, the time and effort we put into overcoming these growing pains—time and effort our customers didn’t have to invest themselves—made the frustrations well worth it.

“Because of the initial difficulties, SharePoint was frustrating at first, especially for admins,” says Thomas Snyder, a principal service engineer in Microsoft Digital. “But then I realized how important it was for our users—the product saved them so much time, and they were so happy that it was available. It was a complete 180-degree shift in my mindset towards SharePoint.”

Scalable self-service, effective governance, and the cloud

SharePoint’s role at Microsoft quickly expanded from a collaboration platform into a more powerful application where our teams could build workflows, forms, dashboards, and other solutions.

Thanks to a decision to enable SharePoint’s self-service site creation capabilities, our internal customers were able to use it to build the sites they needed without having to wait for us in IT. By removing the friction of having to work with IT, they innovated faster and built new capabilities on their own using SharePoint’s out-of-the-box technology.

However, this self-service power we gave to our users also drove some sprawl that we were not initially ready to manage. By the late 2000s, the information explosion that SharePoint sparked at the company was increasing our operational and governance burden. The rapid growth in sites delayed upgrades and introduced security and compliance issues stemming from a lack of clear ownership when site owners changed jobs or left the company.

As a result of this growth, we made the decision to invest heavily in building up our governance and lifecycle management for SharePoint. We prioritized defining clear ownership for all SharePoint sites, establishing best practices around data cleanup, and building the guardrails necessary to make widespread adoption and use more manageable.

Moving SharePoint to the cloud

Our cloud migration started in late 2010 and quickly became the driving force for us in IT. Rather than see the migration as a simple lift-and-shift activity, we took the opportunity to strategically reconfigure the architecture and customization level of our SharePoint instance.

This was a huge undertaking.

We had to think globally across all our sites in different regions and countries. The tooling suite for migration was immature at the time, meaning some of our portals and sites would require refactoring. We also had to contend with the constraints of varied and sometimes conflicting regional data residency requirements.

“It’s effectively filtering, so you don’t migrate everything. You’re cleaning your house before you move. You don’t move everything in your garage—you clean it out first. The easiest move is the one you don’t have to do.”

David Johnson, principal product manager architect, Microsoft Digital

Our approach to moving SharePoint to the cloud took several phases

First, early adopters who expressed active interest in migrating were provisioned the first sites in the cloud. By harnessing their enthusiasm for cloud services, we allowed them to self-migrate their own site content

Second, we did extensive analysis of all sites to establish actively used sites. Sites where we had no recent usage were backed up, stored offline, and deleted. If nobody screamed, we didn’t move them to the cloud.

Third, we moved the zero- and low-customization sites. These were sites using out-of-box features that had the highest likelihood of a successful migration

Finally, all we had left were the highly customized sites, which often used customization approaches which were not supported in the cloud. These we chose to manually rebuild and often to refactor as part of our migration approach.

While we were making these first-in-the-world migrations, we spent a lot of time with our SharePoint product team partners to learn how best to move sites and to document the approaches for the millions of sites that would follow. Sites which had high levels of customization or features that the cloud couldn’t support were instead rebuilt in the cloud environment from the ground up.

We treated our SharePoint cloud migration as an opportunity to take stock of what we had and decide what we didn’t want to bring with us into the new age of SharePoint at Microsoft. We cleaned our data and retired unused sites based on which content and functions employees told us they regularly used and relied on.

“It’s effectively filtering, so you don’t migrate everything. You’re cleaning your house before you move,” says David Johnson, a principal product manager architect in Microsoft Digital. “You don’t move everything in your garage—you clean it out first. The easiest move is the one you don’t have to do.”

Cloud migration also presented fresh governance challenges for our team. Governance practices had to be established for this new environment that would allow for effective self-service across multiple sites.

Building governance around lifecycle management, attestation, ownership policies, and guarding against oversharing required a significant amount of effort from the team, but it was necessary to ensure a smooth transition from an on-premises tool to the cloud.

Site modernization: Reducing the need for customization

Around 2016, SharePoint rolled out what came to be known as SharePoint Modern. This new version was a game changer for our major portals, as it reduced the need for heavy, developer-driven customization and replaced it with powerful out-of-the-box page creation capabilities, responsive design, and improved accessibility. The product also eventually added seamless built-in integration with solutions like Microsoft Teams and OneDrive.

Less custom code meant we could upgrade faster and dramatically lower our development, support, and maintenance costs. But the best part was the improved user experience and better navigability of the new version. Before this, our IT team fielded numerous questions about SharePoint on a weekly basis. The more intuitive, user-friendly experience of modern SharePoint reduced the volume of inquiries and service requests drastically. Our internal users were happier, and so were we.

SharePoint in the age of agentic AI

We see SharePoint as a key “knowledge platform” for AI. It’s a critical enterprise-scale repository for our documents and data and other information that we use to power our global enterprise.

“Security through obscurity is dead. It’s the double-edged sword of semantic search.”

Thomas Snyder, principal service engineer, Microsoft Digital

As such, it’s one of our key “knowledge platforms,” locations where we store the information that is the lifeblood of our enterprise. And as our enterprise-scale repository for documents, data, and other information used to run our global multinational, it has become the launching point for many of our AI-powered experiences.

AI is only as effective as the quality of the data it can access, which is why we’ve prioritized governance best practices as we make this transition. With these new tools, we’ve had to overcome new challenges.  For example, in the early days of AI, the discovery of previously well-buried personal data is becoming a common occurrence.

“Security through obscurity is dead,” Snyder says. “It’s the double-edged sword of semantic search.”

Prioritizing good governance helps ensure agentic AI only has access to the data it’s permitted to use, avoiding accidental oversharing and related hallucinations.

As an AI-driven Frontier Firm, we’re empowering our non-technical users and engineering and development teams alike to begin building custom AI agents to drive innovation at Microsoft. Our teams can now use agents in SharePoint for tasks like creating applications, knowledge depositories, and sites, saving huge amounts of time and effort.

Many of these agents will eventually be available in Azure DevOps and GitHub, so we’re focused on helping SharePoint site owners put the appropriate data ownership and permissions in place to effectively manage and govern the data for use by agentic AI.

After 25 years, SharePoint remains a core part of IT operations across Microsoft. We look forward to growing alongside it as it continues to evolve and improve.